Expanding the phytosanitary exclusion zone for Mexican avocados
Market impacts and unintended consequences
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 11929699 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Irvin Rojas (0000-0002-3173-3106, Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas, corresponding author), K Aleks Schaefer (0000-0002-9516-7238, Oklahoma State University) |
| Year | 2024 |
| Volume | 129 |
| Pages | 102738-102738 |
| Publication date | 2024-11-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Food Policy (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0306-9192 • E-ISSN: 1873-5657 |
| Publisher | Elsevier BV (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.foodpol.2024.102738 |
| OpenAlex | W4404025723 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 24 |
Due to phytosanitary concerns, the U.S. has historically only allowed the importation of avocados from one Mexican state—Michoacán. In Michoacán, avocados have become a source of cartel conflict and violence. In August 2022, authorized shipments of avocados from an additional Mexican state – Jalisco – were allowed to enter the U.S. This research investigates the market impacts and unintended consequences of expanding the phytosanitary exclusion zone for Mexican avocados. We find that expansion of the phytosanitary exclusion zone was unequivocally beneficial from the perspective of U.S. avocado users and consumers. However, economic outcomes in the Mexican market are more nuanced, and temporal relationships suggest expansion of the phytosanitary exclusion zone may have affected cartel-related activity both in Michoacán and Jalisco. • Most of avocados imported in the U.S. come from the Mexican state of Michoacán, also one of the most violent regions in the country. • In August 2022, a phytosanitary zone expansion allowed the entry of avocados from the Mexican state of Jalisco. • The expansion of the phytosanitary exclusion was unequivocally beneficial for U.S. avocado consumers, who received an economic welfare gain of approximately $195 million per year after the regulatory change. • The policy change reduced gross receipts for Michoacán avocado producer by approximately $322 million per year, while Jalisco producers gained about $102 million per year. • We present evidence that following the regulatory change homicide in the Michoacán fell
Agricultural economics · Business · Economic growth · Economics · International trade · Phytosanitary certification · Political science · Unintended consequences · Agricultural Economics and Policy · Economics of Agriculture and Food Markets · Organic Food and Agriculture
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| Citation velocity | historical |
|---|---|
| Highly cited | No |