Opening a Non-exit State
The Passport Policy of Communist Poland, 1949–1980
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 12149798 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Dariusz Stola (0000-0002-7735-7193, Polish Academy of Sciences, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2015 |
| Volume | 29 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 96-119 |
| Publication date | 2015-02-01 |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | East European Politics and Societies and Cultures (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0888-3254 • E-ISSN: 1533-8371 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publishing (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1177/0888325414560815 |
| OpenAlex | W1981412147 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 7 |
This article presents the passport policy of communist Poland, from the late 1940s to 1980. In the late 1940s, the policy and the institutions that implemented it were given objectives and forms similar to those in the USSR. This Soviet-type policy was in principle a non-exit policy; issuing a passport was an exception that required a solid justification. However, after 1953, following the Soviet Thaw, Polish leaders gradually relaxed the restrictions on exit, which allowed for massive outflows, mainly to Germany and Israel, and for development of temporary mobility, mainly within the Soviet bloc. In the late 1950s, the Polish party restricted emigration but it did not return to the Stalin-era non-exit model. The party developed a new, complex passport policy, which favorably viewed mobility within the bloc and was selective toward travel to the West. This allowed international mobility to expand to a mass scale and become part of the lived experience of millions of Poles. The police apparatus that implemented the policy also expanded and evolved into a complex bureaucratic machinery, but to its end it combined the features of a Weberian bureaucracy with the characteristics of a revolutionary, extralegal “secular arm of the party.”
Bureaucracy · Communism · Eastern Bloc · Emigration · Political economy · Political science · Politics · Sociology · State (computer science · Eastern European Communism and Reforms · European history and politics · Law · Polish Historical and Cultural Studies
East-West Migration and Racism against East Europeans in Germany, 1980–2004
Polish Cinderella becomes a playmate
Keeping the “Recovered Territories”
Unequal Citizenship and Ethnic Boundaries in the Migration Experience of Polish Roma
The power to expel vs. the rights of migrants
A Privilege That Can Be Withdrawn
Bonded citizenship
| Citations per year | 1.17 |
|---|---|
| Citation span | 2020 - 2026 (7) |
| Highly cited | No |