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Just and Unjust Nuclear Deterrence

Bibliographic Data

ID12159283
AuthorsScott D Sagan (0000-0003-0194-417X, Stanford University, corresponding author)
Year2023
Volume37
Issue1
Pages19-28
Publication date2023-01-01
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueEthics & International Affairs (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0892-6794 • E-ISSN: 1747-7093
PublisherCambridge University Press (CUP) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1017/s0892679423000035
OpenAlexW4367019714
LanguageEN
Citations received4
References cited4

In this essay, I propose five principles to make U.S. nuclear deterrence policy more just and effective in the future: sever the link between the mass killing of innocent civilians and nuclear deterrence by focusing targeting on adversaries’ military power and senior political leadership, not their population; never use or plan to use a nuclear weapon against any target that could be destroyed or neutralized by conventional weapons; reject “belligerent reprisal” threats against civilians even in response to enemy attacks on one's own or allied civilians; replace nuclear “calculated ambiguity” threats against biological or cyberattacks with “deterrence by denial” strategies; and work in good faith toward eventual nuclear disarmament

Adversary · Ambiguity · Belligerent · Biological warfare · Computer security · Denial · Deterrence theory · Disarmament · Law and economics · Nuclear ethics · Nuclear weapon · Political science · Politics · Population · Sociology · Global Peace and Security Dynamics · Law · Nuclear Issues and Defense · Philosophy · Psychology · War, Ethics, and Justification

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Citations per year4
Citation span2025 - 2026 (2)
Highly citedNo

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