Pregnancy as a source of bias in performance appraisals
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 12167366 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Jane A Halpert (DePaul University, corresponding author), Midge Wilson (DePaul University), Midge L Wilson, Julia L Hickman (DePaul University) |
| Year | 1993 |
| Volume | 14 |
| Issue | 7 |
| Pages | 649-663 |
| Publication date | 1993-12-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Organizational Behavior (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0894-3796 • E-ISSN: 1099-1379 |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1002/job.4030140704 |
| OpenAlex | W1987613433 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 59 |
| References cited | 17 |
Notwithstanding recent gains, women have still not achieved parity with men in the workplace. This is further complicated by common negative images of pregnant women (Taylor and Langer, 1977). The present study investigated (1) stereotypes about pregnant working women, and (2) the effect of an employee's pregnancy on performance evaluation. In the first study, subjects' attitudes about pregnant employees were assessed via questionnaire. Substantial negative stereotyping was found to exist, especially among males. In Study 2, subjects viewed videotapes of either a pregnant or a non‐pregnant women doing assessment‐center‐type tasks and were asked to evaluate her performance. When the employee was pregnant, she was consistently rated lower compared to when she was non‐pregnant. A main effect of rater sex and a rater sex by pregnancy condition interaction were found, indicating that males assigned lower ratings than females and were also more negatively affected by the pregnancy condition. Implications for organizational policy regarding employee pregnancy and performance appraisal systems are discussed
Developmental psychology · Parity (physics · Performance appraisal · Pregnancy · Clinical Psychology · Gender Diversity and Inequality · Psychology · Psychology of Social Influence · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology
Do caring fathers earn less? Earnings consequences of fathers’ parental leave use
Hostile and benevolent reactions toward pregnant women
Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders.
Baby Slump
The Effects of the Structured Interview on Reducing Biases Against Pregnant Job Applicants
Work and Pregnancy
Maternal Experiences with Everyday Discrimination and Infant Birth Weight
Pregnancy Discrimination Is a Family Affair
Motherhood and Sexuality in Women’s Football News
When the going gets tough
To act or not to act? How do pregnant employees perform based on family‐supportive supervisor behavior
It is not a vacation of leisure
Behind the maternal wall
Reading between the lines
Meet the new boss…same as the old boss? Female supervisors and subordinate career prospects
Experiences of Stigma, Bias, and Communication Challenges Among Pregnant Healthcare Workers
Pregnant Women at Work
We Like You, But We Don’t Want You’—The Impact of Pregnancy in the Workplace
Effects of Applicant Pregnancy on Hiring Decisions and Interview Ratings
Organizations, Managers, and Wage Inequality
Perceiving and responding to maternal workplace discrimination in the United States
The Role of Husbands' Supportive Communication Practices in the Lives of Employed Mothers
When Professionals Become Mothers, Warmth Doesn't Cut the Ice
Bad mommies
Sex and corruption
Working women positioning themselves in the leader‐follower relationship as a result of pregnancy
Across the pregnancy lifespan
Representations of Change within Dyadic Relationships between Leader and Follower
The Ever-Changing Face of Sex Stereotyping and Sex Discrimination in the Workplace
The “baby brain” stereotype and policing of pregnant women’s competence
Representation of the Female Body in the Workplace
So Many Challenges, So Many Regrets
A Narrative Approach to Pregnancy‐related Discrimination and Leader–follower Relationships
Law’s Response to Pregnancy/Workplace Conflicts
Pregnancy and Working
A typology of stigma within organizations
Speaking without words
On the bright side of motherhood—A mixed method enquiry
A Temporal Multifaceted Adaptation Approach to the Experiences of Employed Mothers
Motherhood as a Status Characteristic
Mothers and Fathers in the Workplace
Identity transition during pregnancy
Gender gaps at the top
Do Women Representatives Regender Legislative Bureaucracy? Assessing the Effect of Representative Sex on Women's Presence among US Congressional Staff
Why Female Employees Do Not Earn More under a Female Manager
Normative Discrimination and the Motherhood Penalty
Relational Power, Legitimation, and Pregnancy Discrimination
Are Female Managers Agents of Change or Cogs in the Machine? An Assessment with Three-Level Manager-Employee Linked Data
Do Hiring Practices Penalize Women and Benefit Men for Having Children? Experimental Evidence from Germany
Establishment Closures in Germany
Getting a Job
Gender and Discretionary Work Effort
Women’s re-entry after a career break
Working for the Woman? Female Managers and the Gender Wage Gap
When Two Bodies Are (Not) a Problem
I'm a bad mum
Adding insult to injury
Protecting Adults With Caregiving Responsibilities From Workplace Discrimination
Motherhood Penalties and Living Arrangementsin China
The influence of sex-role stereotypes on evaluations of male and female supervisory behavior.
Pregnancy
Perceived sex differences in managerially relevant characteristics
The pregnant woman's place and where to find it
In defense of external invalidity
Sexual Inequalities and Socioeconomic Achievement in the U.S., 1962-1973
Performance rating
Income Differences Between Men and Career Women
| Unique citing works | 59 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 2,19 |
| Citation span | 1999 - 2026 (28) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 58 |