International Efforts to Protect the Global Atmosphere

On 2 May 1989, at the first meeting of the parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, 1 all represented governments and the European Community signed a declaration of intent to phase out key ozone-depleting substances by the year 2000, to expand the range of controlled chemicals and to tighten the Protocol's time-schedule for compliance. 2 Thus, barely one and a half years after the signing of the Montreal Protocol and only a few months after its entry into force, 3 the parties to the Montreal Protocol already generally accepted the idea that protection of stratospheric ozone requires renewed international regulatory action.This declaration of intent, known as the "Helsinki Declaration", is now expected to lead to a formal amendment of the Protocol at the second meeting of the parties in 1990.In the meantime, while preparatory

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