Did the 2011 Terror Attacks in Norway Change Citizens’ Attitudes Toward Immigrants
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 12233283 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Niklas Jakobsson (0000-0002-7143-8793, Statistics Norway, corresponding author), Svein Blom (Statistics Norway) |
| Year | 2014 |
| Volume | 26 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 475-486 |
| Publication date | 2014-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | International Journal of Public Opinion Research (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0954-2892 • E-ISSN: 1471-6909 |
| Publisher | Oxford University Press (OUP) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1093/ijpor/edt036 |
| OpenAlex | W2083112754 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 39 |
| References cited | 28 |
In the afternoon of July 22, 2011, Anders Behring Breivik detonated a bomb near the central government building in Oslo, Norway, killing eight people. About an hour later, he arrived, disguised as a policeman, at the social democratic summer camp on the small island of Utøya near Oslo, shooting another 69 people, mostly teenagers. The survivors hid in bushes, played dead beside their dead friends, or swam to the mainland. In the morning of the next day, the police announced that Anders Behring Breivik, a Norwegian islamophobic right-wing extremist, had been arrested for the attacks. The terror attacks received a lot of attention in both the international and Norwegian press.1 According to the compendium of texts, which he distributed on the web a few hours before the attacks, Breivik regarded Islam as the main enemy and argued for the deportation of all Muslims from Europe (Kremer, Stigset, & Treloar, 2011). The political debate in the aftermath of the attacks was calm and temperate, and the media coverage in Norway of the ruling social democratic party and the prime minister, Jens Stoltenberg, has been characterized as objective and positive (Bihlar & Brathell, 2011).2 In this article, we examine whether the attacks had observable effects on Norwegians’ attitudes toward immigrants
Criminology · Democracy · Immigration · Media studies · Norwegian · Political science · Politics · Sociology · Terrorism · Migration, Refugees, and Integration · Populism, Right-Wing Movements · Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence · Law
Right-wing terrorism and far-right support
Hate Begets Warmth? The Impact of an Anti-Muslim Terrorist Attack on Public Attitudes toward Muslims
Beliefs on Refugees as a Terrorist Threat. The Social Determinants of Refugee-related Stereotypes
Terrorism and political attitudes
Getting under the Skin
In the wake of a terrorist attack, do Americans’ attitudes toward Muslims decline
The Limits of the Debate
Social Conflict and Outgroup Sentiment in South Korea
Far-Right on the Offensive
Psychological Barriers to a Peaceful Resolution
The Polarizing Effect of Anti-Immigrant Violence on Radical Right Sympathies in Germany
Media narratives and public attitudes toward immigrants and muslims
Threat, Anti-Western Hostility and Violence among European Muslims
Terrorism’s effects on social capital in European countries
Security policy preferences of EU citizens
Party leaders and voter responses to political terrorism
Will you still trust me tomorrow? The causal effect of terrorism on social trust
Påvirker innvandringsscenarier nordmenns holdningertil innvandrere? Et surveyeksperiment
Discrete Events and Hate Crimes
Using Natural Experiments to Uncover Effects of Anti-Refugee Riots on Attitudes of Refugees
Drei Jahre Anschläge auf Flüchtlinge in Deutschland – welche Faktoren erklären ihre räumliche und zeitliche Verteilung
The Transnational Prisoner
A Trump Effect on the EU’s Popularity? The U.S. Presidential Election as a Natural Experiment
Jihadist Terrorist Attacks and Far-Right Party Preferences
Do terrorist attacks feed populist Eurosceptics? Evidence from two comparative quasi‐experiments
Are we all Charlie? How media priming and framing affect immigration policy preferences after terrorist attacks
Terrorism, Perpetrators, and Polarization
Wait and See? Public Opinion Dynamics after Terrorist Attacks
Counterterrorism Policies and Attitudes Towards Out-Groups
Unexpected Event during Survey Design
The stigma on right-wing parties
Prominence over proximity? Terror attacks’ impact on party preferences
What's left after right‐wing extremism? The effects on political orientation
Does Right-Wing Violence Affect Public Support for Radical Right Parties? Evidence from Germany
Right-Wing Terror, Media Backlash, and Voting Preferences for the Far Right
Conflict will Harden your Heart
Threatening Events and Anti-Refugee Violence
Do terrorist attacks affect ethnic discrimination in the labour market? Evidence from two randomized field experiments
How critical is the event? Multicultural Norway after 22 July 2011
Does Terrorism Work?
Good-Bye Lenin (or Not?)
Attitudes and Cognitive Organization
Toward a Theory of Minority Group Relations
The Moral Foundations of Trust
Mostly Harmless Econometrics
Effects of Fear and Anger on Perceived Risks of Terrorism
Implicit Attitudes Turned Upside Down
Dramatic Real-world Events and Public Opinion Dynamics
Violence, Racism, and the Political Arena
It can happen here
An analytical history of terrorism, 1945–2000
The “Black Sheep Effect”
Effects of terrorism on attitudes and ideological orientation
The black sheep effect
Psychoeconomic Approaches to the Study of Hostile Attitudes Toward Minority Groups
Immigration sceptics, xenophobes or racists? Radical right‐wing voting in six West European countries
Anti-immigrant, politically disaffected or still racist after all? Examining the attitudinal drivers of extreme right support in Britain in the 2009 European elections
Political Psychology
Democracy's Past and Future
Policy feedback, generational replacement, and attitudes to state intervention
A Public Transformed? Welfare Reform as Policy Feedback
Are Voters Sensitive to Terrorism? Direct Evidence from the Israeli Electorate
Presidential Popularity from Truman to Johnson
| Unique citing works | 39 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 3,25 |
| Citation span | 2014 - 2026 (13) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 37 |