Macroeconomic, Digital, and Environmental Determinants of International Tourism Arrivals
Evidence From the U.S., China, and Germany
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 12308236 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Xulong Dai (0000-0002-9715-9151, Economics and Management School Shaanxi University of International Trade & Commerce Xi'an China), Farzana Abid (0009-0006-9924-4321, Dresden School of Management SRH Berlin University of Applied Sciences Berlin Germany, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2025 |
| Volume | 34 |
| Issue | S2 |
| Pages | 828-842 |
| Publication date | 2025-10-30 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Sustainable Development (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0968-0802 • E-ISSN: 1099-1719 |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1002/sd.70367 |
| OpenAlex | W4415693875 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 38 |
This study investigates the macroeconomic, digital, and environmental determinants of international tourism arrivals in the United States, China, and Germany using annual data from 2000 to 2020. A comprehensive econometric framework—comprising descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, panel unit root tests, Engle–Granger cointegration, Granger causality, and a panel ARDL (PMG) estimator—is employed to capture both short‐run dynamics and long‐run equilibrium relationships. The analysis incorporates key variables such as nominal GDP, trade openness, air transport connectivity, internet penetration, CO 2 emissions per capita, and the real effective exchange rate. The results show that international tourism is positively influenced by economic growth, digitalization, and transport infrastructure, while environmental pressures and exchange rate fluctuations constrain expansion. Long‐run cointegration is confirmed for the United States and Germany, whereas China's tourism patterns remain more short‐run in nature, reflecting structural transition. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of integrating digital infrastructure, environmental sustainability, and macroeconomic stability to promote inclusive and resilient tourism growth in alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals
Cointegration · Exchange rate · Panel data · Sustainable development · Sustainable tourism · Tourism · Unit (ring theory · Unit root · Digital Marketing and Social Media · Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research · Energy, Environment, Economic Growth
Econometric Analysis of Panel Data
Pooled Mean Group Estimation of Dynamic Heterogeneous Panels
Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships
An Examination of the Impact of Climate Change on International Inbound Tourism
Living standard and Chinese tourism participation
Carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth
Balancing the trade-off between data center development and its environmental impacts
Is economic growth in East Asia pacific and South Asia ESG factors based and aligned growth
Estimation and prediction of ecological footprint using tourism development indices top tourist destination countries
Navigating sustainability
Is sustainable development reasonable for tourism destinations? An empirical study of the relationship between environmental competitiveness and tourism growth
Tourism Development and Sustainable Green Growth
Shaping sustainable tourism behavior among elderly tourists
The nonlinear effects of the subjective and objective built environment on active travel behavior
| Citation velocity | historical |
|---|---|
| Highly cited | No |