Informality, Paradiplomacy, and Cross-Border Cooperation

The Development of Tourism on Bintan Island, Indonesia

Bibliographic Data

ID12349791
AuthorsMoch Faisal Karim (0000-0002-5444-2141, Binus University, corresponding author), Tirta Nugraha Mursitama (0000-0002-0230-8864, Binus University), Sayed Riyadi (0000-0003-1069-108X, Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji), Sayed Fauzan Riyadi (Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji), Roseno Aji Affandi (0000-0002-6384-8127, Binus University), Fairuz Muzdalifa (Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji)
Year2023
Volume48
Issue2
Pages370-388
Publication date2023-10-08
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueAsian Studies Review (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1035-7823 • E-ISSN: 1467-8403
PublisherRoutledge (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/10357823.2023.2259080
OpenAlexW4387458707
LanguageEN
Citations received7
References cited50

This article examines how informality has enhanced the ability of the local government in Indonesia's Bintan Island to achieve cross-border cooperation for tourism development, despite the constraints imposed by the central government.The local government, the article illustrates, has negotiated between the development of the local tourism industry and its increasingly tense relations with the central government by using informality through patron-client relations.Informality has enabled the local government to mobilise private actors as proxies in its pursuit of cross-border cooperation.The government has also used international standards that govern the tourism industry in designated Free Trade Zones to accommodate local needs, such as employment.Informality provides local stakeholders with benefits from cross-border cooperation while simultaneously providing flexibility for foreign capital to operate in the region.The article concludes that informality is both an instrument that the local government can strategically use to circumvent the powers of the central government and something that local elites can use to maintain and expand patron-client relations to achieve their political and economic interests

Business · Central government · Economic system · Economics · Flexibility (engineering · Government (linguistics · International trade · Local government · Management · Political science · Politics · Tourism · Cross-Border Cooperation and Integration · Economic Zones and Regional Development · Migration and Labor Dynamics · Public Administration

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