Investigative private policing beyond the police
An exploratory study
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 12363695 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Mark Button (0000-0002-4169-2619, University of Portsmouth, corresponding author), Richard Kapend (0000-0002-9273-9042, University of Portsmouth), Peter Stiernstedt (0000-0003-0824-8396, University of West London) |
| Year | 2022 |
| Volume | 33 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 150-169 |
| Publication date | 2022-05-15 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Policing & Society (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1043-9463 • E-ISSN: 1477-2728 |
| Publisher | Taylor & Francis (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1080/10439463.2022.2071894 |
| OpenAlex | W4280642923 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 8 |
| References cited | 35 |
This paper is based on a survey of 331 private investigators predominantly based or working in the UK. It offers findings on the background, roles undertaken, tools used and outcomes of their work. It divides the investigators into four main groups: private investigators (or detectives), investigators working for forensic accountants, in-house private investigators and in-house public investigators (non-police). Given the lack of research on this segment of private policing, important exploratory findings are presented which can be used as the foundations of further research in this rarely investigated sector. The paper illustrates the dominance of older men in second careers among private investigators, the dominance of fraud investigation as the most common work undertaken and limited involvement in surveillance. The paper also presents significant findings on the number of persons who face some form of justice as a result of their investigations
Criminal justice · Criminology · Dominance (genetics · Exploratory research · Face (sociological concept · Political science · Private sector · Public relations · Public sector · Social science · Sociology · Work (physics · Crime Patterns and Interventions · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis · Engineering · Law · Policing Practices and Perceptions · Psychology
Private Detectives
Violations of the Social License to Operate
Living apart together– public-private cooperation in the field of financial crime
Policing cross-border fraud ‘Above and below the surface’
The Private Sector Financial Investigator; a cross sectoral conceptualisation of the roles created by the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002
The impact of the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 on the pluralisation of policing in England and Wales
Exploring Private Investigation Agencies’ Experience of Collaboration with Law Enforcement in Investigations of Human Trafficking Cases
If we're wrong, take us to court”
The rebirth of private policing
The New Parapolice
Private policing of white-collar crime
Plural policing
Policing, Surveillance and Social Control
Crime and Social Justice
The Private Policing of Insurance Claims
The iceberg beneath the sea’, fraudsters and their punishment through non-criminal justice in the ‘fraud justice network’ in England and Wales
Private Security and Public Policing
Policing as a business
New directions in policing fraud
Reflections on the Private Versus Public Policing of Economic Crime
Exploring Investigative Policing
Eye Spy Private High’
(De-)Criminalizing Welfare? The Rise and Fall of Social Security Fraud Prosecutions in Australia
Private Eyes and Public Order
A tainted trade? Moral ambivalence and legitimation work in the private security industry1
| Unique citing works | 8 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 2.67 |
| Citation span | 2023 - 2026 (4) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 7 |