Multiple Dimensions of Machismo

Linguistic Considerations for Latino Sexual Minority Men in the United States

Bibliographic Data

ID12412704
AuthorsGustavo Robles (0000-0001-9503-5027, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, corresponding author), Trey V Dellucci (0000-0002-3095-808X, Indiana University School of Medicine), Javier García-Pérez (University of Pennsylvania), Tyrel J Starks (0000-0003-0746-3844, Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA)
Year2024
Volume32
Issue3
Pages421-449
Publication date2024-02-18
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueThe Journal of Men s Studies (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1060-8265 • E-ISSN: 1933-0251
PublisherSAGE Publishing (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1177/10608265241234361
PMID39372964
OpenAlexW4391921371
LanguageEN
Citations received2
References cited68

The literature differentiates between two domains of machismo: traditional machismo and caballerismo. Research has largely focused on measuring machismo among English speakers. We evaluated whether Estrada's (2011) 2-factor model of machismo was invariant across languages (English versus a direct Spanish translation). A series of multigroup confirmatory factor analyses were conducted between respondents who completed the survey in English ( n = 428) and Spanish ( n = 102). Analyses suggested the hypothesized 2-factor model did not fit across language groups. While the traditional 2-factor structure emerged in the English language data, exploratory factor analysis indicated a 3-factor structure of machismo among Spanish-speaking respondents. One of the new factors (inherent machismo), among Spanish-speaking respondents, was associated with Internalized Heterosexism, suggesting that the new factor structure may capture the belief that masculine men are superior. These findings suggest there is a need for the development of culturally appropriate Spanish language assessment

Confirmatory factor analysis · Developmental psychology · Exploratory factor analysis · Factor (programming language · Linguistics · Psychometrics · Structural equation modeling · Gender Studies in Language · Media, Gender, and Advertising · Psychology · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology

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