Cross-Country Evidence on Motherhood Employment and Wage Gaps
The Role of Work–Family Policies and Their Interaction
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 12426561 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Ewa Cukrowska-Torzewska (0000-0003-4273-462X, University of Warsaw, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2017 |
| Volume | 24 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 178-220 |
| Publication date | 2017-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Social Politics International Studies in Gender State & Society (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1072-4745 • E-ISSN: 1468-2893 |
| Publisher | Oxford University Press (OUP) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1093/sp/jxx004 |
| OpenAlex | W2719072018 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 39 |
| References cited | 25 |
This article investigates the effects of work-family policies on motherhood employment and wage gaps. We study twenty-eight European countries, including Central and Eastern European countries. We show that unless the leave period is exceptionally long, enhanced childcare and leave policies help women combine family responsibilities with paid work. The positive effect of leaves is, however, much weaker in countries where childcare is limited. In these countries, improving access to childcare is therefore a more efficient policy than offering extended leaves. Because extended leaves encourage women to stay outside of the labor market, they are found to lead to wage penalties
Business · Demographic economics · Developed country · Economics · Family Leave · Gender equality · Labour economics · Parental leave · Sociology · Wage · Work (physics · Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics · Social Policy and Reform Studies · Work-Family Balance Challenges
Dedication
Conclusion
Family Care as a Need
Virtuous Family Caregivers yet Unwanted Mothers
Lists of Interviewees in Hong Kong, Shenzhen’s Private Sector, and Shenzhen’s Public Sector
Paradoxes, Employers, and Social Policies
“Work Is Work”
Research on Three Labor Regimes in Chinese Societies
Sample Questionnaire of the Curriculum Vitae (CV)-Based Survey
Work and Family Care in Chinese Societies
Beyond Market Meritocracy
Policy complementarity or substitution? The joint employment effects of active labor market policy and early childhood education and care
Strong Gender Contract, Weak Institutions
Diverging Patterns in Women’s Reconciliation Behavior across Family Policies and Educational Groups
I’ll Just Stay Home
The Motherhood Pension Gap in Germany
Motherhood and Systemic Gender Pay Gap Faced by Women in European Union Countries
Gender Wage Gap Among Couples and the Role of Parenthood Across the Wage Distribution in Turkey
La relation entre le droit et la segmentation sexuée du marché du travail
The role of non‐base compensation in explaining the motherhood wage gap
Unequal Burdens
The Constant Gap
How Precarious Public Jobs Are Even More Precarious for Women
National Work-Family Policies and Gender Earnings Inequality in 26 OECD Countries, 1999 to 2019
Cohort Differences in the Lifetime Parenthood Gender Pay Gap in the UK
Double jeopardy
Stratification of post-birth labour supply in a high- and low- maternal employment regime
I Quit! Effects of Work-Family Policies on the Turnover Intention
The Motherhood Penalty of Immigrants in France
Expanding Understanding of Motherhood Penalty
How Public Investments in Childcare Mitigate Childbirth Effects on Employment Transitions by Skill Level in Europe
Not Only Mothers
Better job prospects or an imperative to ‘just work’? A cross‐national study on social investment and women's employment
Family Formation and Employment Changes Among Descendants of Immigrants in France
No activation without reconciliation? The interplay between ALMP and Ecec in relation to women's employment, unemployment and inactivity in 30 OECD countries, 1985–2018
The Long-Term Costs of Family Trajectories
Cultural‐Policy Framework and Mothers' Earnings Penalty
American Rural-Nonrural Differences in Motherhood Wage Penalties
Does Mothers' Parental Leave Uptake Stimulate Continued Employment and Family Formation? Evidence for Belgium
Unequal Pay or Unequal Employment? A Cross‐Country Analysis of Gender Gaps
Panel Data and Unobservable Individual Effects
Computing Interaction Effects and Standard Errors in Logit and Probit Models
The Family Gap in Pay
Marriage, Motherhood, and Wages
Interaction terms in logit and probit models
Gender Role Attitudes and the Labour-market Outcomes of Women across OECD Countries
The Economic Consequences of Parental Leave Mandates
Wage Inequality, Collective Bargaining, and Relative Employment from 1985 to 1994
Cultural and Institutional Factors Shaping Mothers' Employment and Working Hours in Postindustrial Countries
Analysing Intergenerational Influences on Income Poverty and Economic Vulnerability With Eu-Silc
Varieties of familialism
The Motherhood Penalty in Cross-National Perspective
Does the Motherhood Wage Penalty Differ by Individual Skill and Country Family Policy? A Longitudinal Study of Ten European Countries
Individual and Institutional Constraints
Motherhood, labor force behavior, and women’s careers
How Welfare States Care
The Effect of Children on Women's Wages
Family Policies, Wage Structures, and Gender Gaps
The Wage Penalty for Motherhood
The Structure of Women's Employment in Comparative Perspective
Multilevel Modelling of Country Effects
| Unique citing works | 39 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 4,88 |
| Citation span | 2018 - 2026 (9) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 28 |