Race/ethnicity and the factor structure of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale

A meta-analysis

Bibliographic Data

ID12475388
AuthorsGiyeon Kim (0000-0002-4439-2777, University of Alabama, corresponding author), Jamie Decoster (0000-0001-9751-6051, University of Virginia), Chao‐Hui Huang (0000-0002-4690-7682, University of Alabama), Chao-Hui Huang, David A Chiriboga (0000-0001-5930-2925, University of South Florida St. Petersburg)
Year2011
Volume17
Issue4
Pages381-396
Publication date2011-10-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueCultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1099-9809 • E-ISSN: 1939-0106
PublisherAmerican Psychological Association (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1037/a0025434
PMID21988578
OpenAlexW2097500530
LanguageEN
Citations received32
References cited18

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine racial/ethnic differences in the factor structure of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The total number of participants (N) in the assessed studies (k) varied according to whether the original study had used either Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA; N = 19,206, k = 13) or Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA; N = 65,554, k = 16). The factor structures of the CES-D were compared across five racial/ethnic groups: African Americans, American Indians, Asians, Whites, and Hispanics. Meta-analysis results suggest that the structure of the CES-D observed in EFAs varied substantially between racial/ethnic groups, whereas the CFA-assessed structure of the CES-D was mostly consistent between racial/ethnic groups. The meta-analysis of EFA studies did not consistently replicate the original four-factor structure reported by Radloff (1977), but the meta-analysis of CFA studies replicated the original four-factor structure in four of the five racial/ethnic groups. Overall, the present meta-analysis found strong evidence that the original four-factor structure may not be the best fit for all racial/ethnic groups. Thus, in clinical settings where the CES-D is used as a tool to screen for depression, clinicians and researchers should recognize the risk that symptoms of depression may be presented differently by members of different racial/ethnic groups

Anxiety · Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale · Confirmatory factor analysis · Depressive symptoms · Ethnic group · Exploratory factor analysis · Meta-analysis · Psychiatry · Psychometrics · Race (biology · Structural equation modeling · Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes · Clinical Psychology · Counseling Practices and Supervision · Medicine · Mental Health Treatment and Access · Psychology · Gerontology · Internal Medicine