Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Explaining Homelessness

A Critical Realist Perspective

Bibliographic Data

ID12633849
AuthorsSuzanne Fitzpatrick (corresponding author)
Year2005
Volume22
Issue1
Pages1-17
Publication date2005-04-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueHousing Theory and Society (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1403-6096 • E-ISSN: 1651-2278
PublisherTaylor & Francis (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/14036090510034563
OpenAlexW1983818965
LanguageEN
Citations received112
References cited25

This article attempts to engage with developing critical realist perspectives in housing and urban policy to propose a more rigorous framework for analysing the causes of homelessness. The article is framed mainly in the context of the extensive UK literature on this topic, but the theoretical arguments it pursues are intended to have wider applicability. It contends that the prevailing “new orthodoxy” in explanations of homelessness, which attempts to integrate both “structural” and “individual” causes, is useful at a descriptive level, but is unsatisfactory at a more profound conceptual level. Previous attempts to provide more theoretically informed accounts of homelessness - including positivist, social constructionist, feminist and postmodernist/poststructuralist - are also critiqued from a critical realist standpoint. The complex, emergent and non-linear explanatory framework employed by realists is argued to enable a coherent causal analysis to be maintained in the face of the diverse circumstances associated with homelessness. Poverty, spatial concentrations of disadvantage and domestic violence are used as illustrative examples of potential inter-related causes of homelessness to sketch out a preliminary realist account of this persistent social problem

Context (archaeology · Disadvantage · Economics · Epistemology · Orthodoxy · Perspective (graphical · Political science · Positive economics · Positivism · Poverty · Sketch · Social constructionism · Social science · Sociology · Strict constructionism · Critical Realism in Sociology · Homelessness and Social Issues · Housing, Finance, and Neoliberalism · Law

  • Using Evidence to End Homelessness

    David J Halpern, Ligia Teixeira et al.•Using Evidence to End Homelessness•2020

  • Legal pluralism, perceived tenure security, and distress diversification

    Open Access•Ashish Aman Sinha, H C Behera•Journal of Asian and African…•2026

  • Gyvenimo istorijos tyrimo perspektyvos

    Rasa Indriliūnaitė•Culture & Society•2016

  • Identificación de subgrupos en la población sin hogar

    Open Access•Gloria Puchol Ros, Juan Manuel Rodilla Navarro et al.•Papers Revista de Sociologia•2026

  • A critical realist methodology in empirical research

    Catherine Hastings•Journal of Critical Realism•2021

  • Characteristics Associated with Housing Loss Among Youth in a Rapid Rehousing Program

    Open Access•Amy J Youngbloom, Krystan A Farnish et al.•Child and Adolescent Social Work…•2022

  • An evaluation of the quality of services provided by the Integrated homeless center of the city of Athens, Greece

    Open Access•Maria-Aggeliki Stamouli, Andriana Mexa et al.•Social Sciences & Humanities Open•2025

  • Taking care of people experiencing homelessness

    Open Access•A Pasini, Agneza Marija Pasini et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2025

  • Manifesting the Imagined Homeless Body

    Open Access•Oliver Moss, Adele Irving•Urban Planning•2024

  • Dalla migrazione alla strada

    Deborah Erminio•MONDI MIGRANTI•2026

  • Gölgede hizmetler

    Open Access•Hakan Karaman•İDEALKENT•2026

  • Multi-Dimensional Recovery and Growth Among the Homeless

    Open Access•Sarel Ohayon, Natti Ronel•International Journal of Offender…•2024

  • “The truth that no one wants to see.” Social work practice, human rights and aesthetic mediation in a group of people experiencing homelessness in Seville (Spain)

    Manuel Muñoz Bellerin, Nuria Cordero Ramos et al.•Journal of Social Work Practice•2024

  • Spatial Patterns, Utility, and Limitations of Volunteered Reports of Urban Homeless Campsites in Portland, Oregon

    Martin Swobodzinski, Krystle Nicole Harrell et al.•The Professional Geographer•2022

  • “We don't have a good system for people who don't have a home and don't need a hospital”

    Open Access•Jacqueline Jenkinson, Sung-Wook Hwang et al.•SSM - Qualitative Research in…•2022

  • “The mortar between the bricks of the services”

    Open Access•Mary Stewart, Helen Eborall•Health Risk & Society•2026

  • Factor structure and invariance of the 12-item general health questionnaire (GHQ-12) for a sample of people in situations of homelessness

    Esteban Sánchez-Moreno, Ana Isabel Corchado-Castillo et al.•Journal of Social Distress and…•2025

  • Identifying predictors of housing distress in later life

    Open Access•Renae Wilkinson, Julia S Nakamura et al.•SSM - Mental Health•2026

  • Migration, Access to Social Housing and Reflexivity

    Open Access•Deborah Menezes, Gina Netto et al.•Social Sciences•2026

  • Modular Homes as a New Form of Accommodation to Tackle Homelessness

    Open Access•Richmond Juvenile Ehwi, Kwadwo Oti-Sarpong et al.•Human Ecology•2023

  • Pathways to Homelessness and Social Exclusion

    Open Access•Lynette Šikić-Mićanović•Studia Ethnologica Croatica•2023

  • When Opportunity Fails

    Open Access•Simone 't Hooft, Margriet Lenkens et al.•Journal of Community & Applied…•2026

  • Homelessness as a Choice

    Cameron Parsell, Mitch Parsell•Housing Theory and Society•2012

  • Housing Theory, Housing Research and Housing Policy

    David Clapham•Housing Theory and Society•2018

  • The Promise and Problems of Applying the Capabilities Approach to Housing Policy and Research

    Deb Batterham•Housing Theory and Society•2020

  • Governing Homelessness

    J B Bullen, Jane Bullen•Housing Theory and Society•2015

  • Fundamentals Are, Well, Fundamental

    Alex Marsh, Kenneth Gibb•Housing Theory and Society•2011

  • Synthesizing Feminist and Critical Realist Approaches to Housing Studies

    Madhu Satsangi•Housing Theory and Society•2012

  • How Do Poor Families in Australia Avoid Homelessness? An fsQCA Analysis

    Catherine Hastings•Housing Theory and Society•2021

  • Using Expressions of Past, Present and Future Homelessness Pathways as a Linguistic Resource in Meeting Interaction in a Low-Threshold Outpatient Clinic

    Suvi Raitakari•Housing Theory and Society•2017

  • A Critical-Realist View of Housing Quality within the Post-Communist EU States

    Open Access•Adriana Mihaela Soaita, C Dewilde•Housing Theory and Society•2017

  • Beyond Housing

    Gloria Puchol Ros, Álvaro Fernández-Baldor et al.•Housing Theory and Society•2024

  • Evaluating homelessness – a comparative analysis of top 10 articles from the US and Europe

    Verner Denvall•European Journal of Social Work•2016

  • Coping strategies of street-involved youth

    Kat Kolar, Patricia Gail Erickson et al.•Journal of Youth Studies•2012

  • Safer inside? Comparing the experiences and risks faced by young people who couch-surf and sleep rough

    Katie Hail-Jares, Rhianon Vichta-Ohlsen et al.•Journal of Youth Studies•2020

  • The variation in family background amongst young homeless shelter users in Denmark

    Lars Benjaminsen•Journal of Youth Studies•2015

  • Individuals experiencing chronic homelessness

    Open Access•Fran Calvo, Suzanne Fitzpatrick et al.•Health & Social Care in the…•2020

  • The role of a credit trap on paths to homelessness in the Czech Republic

    Open Access•M Lux, Martina Mikeszová•Journal of European Social Policy•2013

  • Patterns and Intensity of Use of Homeless Shelters in Toronto

    Ali Jadidzadeh, Ron Kneebone•Canadian Public Policy•2018

  • Between Institutional Inclusion and Invisibility? The Case of Flemish Homelessness Care

    Thomas Maeseele, Maria Bouverne-De Bie et al.•Australian Social Work•2014

  • Response to Ann Coleman

    Cameron Parsell•Australian Social Work•2012

  • Researching LGBTQ+ homelessness and building social justice in the UK & the US

    Open Access•Carin Tunåker, Peter Matthews et al.•Housing Studies•2025

  • Adverse childhood experiences in a pathway to single adult homelessness in Hamilton, New Zealand

    Carole Mcminn, D Collins et al.•Housing Studies•2024

  • Moving on

    Open Access•Steve Iafrati, Nick Clare et al.•Critical Social Policy•2024

  • Theorizing a Social Ecology of Displacement

    Gina E Miranda Samuels, Susanna R Curry et al.•Social Service Review•2021

  • Learning from place-based flood prevention policies

    Erica Melloni•Regional Studies•2024

  • Mental Health and Homelessness in the Community of Madrid (Spain)

    Open Access•Iria Noa de la Fuente Roldán, Ana Isabel Corchado-Castillo et al.•International Journal of…•2023

  • Moderating Effect of Help-Seeking in the Relationship between Religiosity and Dispositional Gratitude among Polish Homeless Adults

    Open Access•Małgorzata Szcześniak, Katarzyna Szmuc et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • Complex needs in homelessness practice

    Rachael Dobson•Housing Studies•2022

  • Who’s Homeless and Whose Homeless

    Open Access•Ingrid Sahlin•Social Inclusion•2020

  • Housing First in Denmark

    Open Access•Lars Benjaminsen•Social Inclusion•2018

  • Contradictions Within the Swedish Welfare System

    Open Access•Matilda Sandberg, Carina Listerborn•Social Inclusion•2023

  • Electoral discourse and formative structural narratives of welfare divergence in multi-level systems

    Open Access•Paul Chaney•Journal of International and…•2013

  • Losing touch

    Open Access•Steve Iafrati•Critical Policy Studies•2025

  • Homelessness, Housing First, and the Right to Housing—Confronting Right and Reality

    Open Access•Owen Taylor, Sandrine Loubière et al.•Human Rights Review•2020

  • Transformation in and challenges to the Korean housing solution

    Julie Lawson•Journal of Asian Public Policy•2008

  • Explaining mental health recovery in the context of structural disadvantage

    Open Access•Dimitar Karadzhov•Social Theory & Health•2019

  • Multiple Exclusion Homelessness in the UK

    Open Access•Suzanne Fitzpatrick, Sarah Johnsen et al.•Social Policy and Society•2011

  • Comparing Men's and Women's Experiences of Multiple Exclusion Homelessness

    Open Access•Graham Bowpitt, Peter Dwyer et al.•Social Policy and Society•2011

  • Homelessness Transitions, Risks, and Prevention Across the Life Course

    Open Access•Clíodhna Bairéad, Michelle Norris•Social Policy and Society•2024

  • Challenges to Implementing the New Homelessness Prevention Agenda in Wales

    Open Access•Anya Ahmed, Iolo Madoc-Jones et al.•Social Policy and Society•2019

  • The Role of Mental Health in Multiple Exclusion Homelessness

    Open Access•Ben Pattison, Lindsey Mccarthy•Social Policy and Society•2020

  • Severe and multiple disadvantage

    Alice Lemkes•Housing Care and Support•2022

  • Do people choose to be homeless? An existentially informed hermeneutic phenomenological analysis

    Open Access•Simon Wharne•Housing Care and Support•2015

  • Approaches to evaluation of homelessness interventions

    Open Access•Bernie Pauly, Bruce Wallace et al.•Housing Care and Support•2014

  • Feminist Epistemologies and the Social Relations of Housing Provision

    Madhu Satsangi•Housing Theory and Society•2010

  • Understanding Homelessness

    Peter Somerville•Housing Theory and Society•2013

  • Defining “At-risk of Homelessness”

    Deb Batterham•Housing Theory and Society•2017

  • Navigating Housing Approaches

    T Hatuka, Roni Bar•Housing Theory and Society•2016

  • Centring Housing in Political Economy

    Manuel B Aalbers, Brett Christophers•Housing Theory and Society•2014

  • Accumulating Financial Vulnerability, Not Financial Security

    Catherine Hastings, Lyn Craig•Housing Theory and Society•2023

  • Understanding the Nexus between Poverty and Homelessness

    Andrea Sharam, Kath Hulse•Housing Theory and Society•2014

  • Understanding How Young People Exit Homelessness in Australia

    Brendan Pearl, Carol Harvey et al.•Housing Theory and Society•2021

  • Homelessness and critical realism

    Catherine Hastings•Housing Studies•2021

  • (Re)conceptualising the boundaries between home and homelessness

    Lindsey Mccarthy•Housing Studies•2018

  • Explaining homelessness as a movement using metaphors in European academic writings of homelessness

    Suvi Raitakari•Housing Studies•2020

  • Exploring Homeless People's Use of Outreach Services

    Julie Christian, David Clapham et al.•Housing Studies•2011

  • Homeless for the First Time in Later Life

    Maree Petersen, Cameron Parsell•Housing Studies•2015

  • The economy of hot air – habiter , warmth and security among homeless people at the Gare du Nord in Paris

    J Lenhard•Housing Studies•2022

  • Avoidance strategies

    Open Access•Lynne McMordie•Housing Studies•2021

  • Governing homeless mothers

    Emma Bimpson, Sadie Parr et al.•Housing Studies•2022

  • The inbetweeners of the housing markets – young adults facing housing inequality in Malmö, Sweden

    Open Access•Martin Grander•Housing Studies•2023

  • How do housing and labour markets affect individual homelessness

    Guy Johnson, Rosanna Scutella et al.•Housing Studies•2019

  • Home making without a home

    J Lenhard, Laurent Coulomb et al.•Housing Studies•2022

  • Homelessness in the UK

    Open Access•Glen Bramley, Suzanne Fitzpatrick•Housing Studies•2018

  • Testing a Typology of Homelessness Across Welfare Regimes

    Open Access•Lars Benjaminsen, Stefan B Andrade•Housing Studies•2015

  • Surviving in the post-repatriation era

    Jinwei Hao, Jin Zhu et al.•Housing Studies•2022

  • Does social housing reduce homelessness? A multistate analysis of housing and homelessness pathways

    James O''Donnell•Housing Studies•2021

  • The right to exist

    Justin Harmon•Leisure Studies•2021

  • Housing risk’ and the neoliberal discourse of responsibilisation in Victoria

    Open Access•Darran Stonehouse, Guinever Threlkeld et al.•Critical Social Policy•2015

  • I get up in the night to cry’

    Open Access•Patrick Mulrenan, Julia Atkins et al.•Critical Social Policy•2018

  • Neo-coporatist governance of homeless services in Dublin

    Open Access•Elaine Phelan, Michelle Norris•Critical Social Policy•2008

  • Values’ as a tool for conceptualising homelessness in the global south

    Open Access•Suzanne Speak•Habitat International•2013

  • Pushed by Angels and Hellbent on Better

    Open Access•Marie G Sandy, Marie Sandy•Humanity & Society•2014

  • Understanding adult education in community contexts

    Open Access•Katy Jones•British Educational Research…•2021

  • Determining factors in the overall happiness and outlook for the future of women living homeless

    Open Access•Adrián Cabrera, Carmelo García Pérez et al.•Journal of Community Psychology•2023

  • From Vagrancy to Homelessness

    Thomas Maeseele, Rudi Roose et al.•The British Journal of Social Work•2014

  • Homelessness in a Scandinavian welfare state

    Open Access•Lars Benjaminsen•Urban Studies•2016

  • Indigenous Rough Sleeping in Darwin, Australia

    Open Access•Cameron Parsell, Rhonda Phillips•Urban Studies•2014

  • Pathways into Multiple Exclusion Homelessness in Seven UK Cities

    Open Access•Suzanne Fitzpatrick, Glen Bramley et al.•Urban Studies•2013

  • Family obligations and social change

    Janet Finch•Family obligations and social…•1989

  • Theorizing patriarchy

    Sylvia Walby•Theorizing patriarchy•1990

  • Youth Homelessness

    Open Access•Susan Hutson, Susan M Hutson et al.•Youth Homelessness•1994

  • The Philosophy of Social Science

    Open Access•Martin Hollis•The Philosophy of Social Science•1994

  • Realist Social Theory

    Open Access•Melanie S Archer, Margaret Scotford Archer•Realist Social Theory•1995

  • Realism and Social Science

    Andrew Sayer•Realism and Social Science•2000

  • Understanding Contextualised Rational Action - Authors' Response

    Bo Bengtsson, Peter Somerville•Housing Theory and Society•2002

  • Constructionism, Realism and Housing Theory

    Peter Somerville, Bo Bengtsson•Housing Theory and Society•2002

  • Excluded Places

    Hans Skifter Andersen•Housing Theory and Society•2002

  • Constructionism, Realism and Housing Theory

    Tony Manzi•Housing Theory and Society•2002

  • The experience of homeless women

    Annabel Tomas, Helga Dittmar•Housing Studies•1995

  • The New Consensus, the Old Consensus and the Provision of Services for People Sleeping Rough

    Nicholas Pleace•Housing Studies•2000

  • Single Homelessness as Social Exclusion

    Open Access•Nicholas Pleace•Social Policy and Administration•1998

  • Some Notes Towards a Realistic Realism

    Open Access•Roger Burrows, Roger J Burrows•International Journal of…•1989

  • Housing and Homelessness

    Marjorie Hope, Sophie Watson et al.•Contemporary Sociology A Journal…•1988

  • On the ''Physiological Dope'' Problematic in Housing and Illness Research

    Chris Allen•Housing Theory and Society•2000

  • Complexity Theory and the Social Sciences

    David Byrne, Gillian Callaghan•Complexity Theory and the Social…•2022

  • Method in Social Science

    Andrew Sayer•Method in Social Science•1984

  • Introduction to the Philosophy of Social Research

    Nigel Fielding, M Williams et al.•British Journal of Sociology•1997

  • The Unaccommodated Woman

    Open Access•Julia Wardhaugh•The Sociological Review•1999

  • The Problem of Representation

    Open Access•Malcolm Williams, Mike Williams•Sociological Research Online•2003

  • Refusing the Realism-Structuration Divide

    Open Access•Rob Stones•European Journal of Social Theory•2001

  • Family Dynamics, Housing, and Recurring Homelessness Among Women in New York City Homeless Shelters

    Open Access•Stephen Metraux, Dennis P Culhane•Journal of Family Issues•1999

Unique citing works112
Citations per year5,89
Citation span2007 - 2026 (20)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 109

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae