Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Virtual reality perspective-taking at scale

Effect of avatar representation, choice, and head movement on prosocial behaviors

Bibliographic Data

ID12655596
AuthorsFernanda Herrera (0000-0001-5616-0706, Stanford University, corresponding author), Jeremy N Bailenson (0000-0003-2813-3297, Stanford University)
Year2021
Volume23
Issue8
Pages2189-2209
Publication date2021-08-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueNew Media & Society (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1461-4448 • E-ISSN: 1461-7315
PublisherSAGE Publishing (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1177/1461444821993121
OpenAlexW3196259882
LanguageEN
Citations received15
References cited33

The present investigation examined the effect of avatar representation, choice, and head movement on prosocial behaviors and measures of presence after a virtual reality perspective-taking (VRPT) task. Participants were either represented by a set of virtual hands or had no representation during a VRPT task. Of those with hands, only half were able to choose their skin tone. Results showed that there was no significant advantage to having an avatar representation. However, if participants had an avatar and were able to choose their own skin tone, a higher proportion of participants performed prosocial behaviors and reported higher social presence scores compared with participants who had no choice. Regardless of condition, head rotations significantly predicted petition signatures such that the more participants rotated their heads side to side, the more likely they were to sign the petition. Moreover, when participants do not consistently rotate their head side to side, the proportion of petitions signed is on par with individuals who do not complete a VRPT task at all

Avatar · Cognitive psychology · Head (geology · Human–computer interaction · Perspective (graphical · Prosocial behavior · Representation (politics · Set (abstract data type · Task (project management · Tone (literature · Virtual reality · Virtual representation · Action Observation and Synchronization · Computer Science · Psychology · Social Psychology · Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts · Visual perception and processing mechanisms · Artificial Intelligence

  • Using virtual reality to increase empathy and combat bias in the classroom

    Open Access•Frauke Meyer, Georgia Rudd et al.•School Effectiveness and School…•2026

  • Virtual Reality (VR) InducE Well-being (View)

    Open Access•Jih‐Hsuan Tammy Lin, Jung-Hsiang Eric Hsieh et al.•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2025

  • VR content and its prosocial impact

    Open Access•Francisco-Julián Martínez-Cano, Richard Lachman et al.•Frontiers in Communication•2023

  • Impact of Spatial Presence on Charitable Behavior in the Metaverse

    Open Access•Jaeyeon Bang, Seungjae Oh et al.•Cyberpsychology Behavior and…•2025

  • From 65 to 103, Older Adults Experience Virtual Reality Differently Depending on Their Age

    Open Access•R C Moore, Jeffrey T Hancock et al.•Cyberpsychology Behavior and…•2023

  • Augmenting Multidimensional Awe Through Technological Immersion

    Danny Yihan Jia, James J Cummings et al.•Media Psychology•2025

  • The potential of virtual reality to combat teacher bias and increase empathy

    Open Access•Frauke Meyer, J M Smith•Policy Futures in Education•2025

  • The future of prejudice reduction research

    Open Access•Roberta Chen, Fiona A White•Computers in Human Behavior•2024

  • Black immersive virtuality

    Open Access•Cyan Deveaux, Eugy Han et al.•Computers in Human Behavior•2025

  • Immersive technologies and intergroup relations

    Open Access•Matilde Tassinari, Mimi Marinucci et al.•Computers in Human Behavior•2026

  • Informed inclusion or tokenistic tolerance? Thematic analysis of Australian perspectives on transgender and gender diverse inclusion in the STEM workplace

    Open Access•Cassandra Crone, Janine Pui et al.•Analyses of Social Issues and…•2026

  • Storytelling as Art and Intervention

    Open Access•Rob Eschmann•Sociology of Race and Ethnicity•2025

  • Virtual Immersive Contact

    Open Access•Lindsay Branham•Journal of Conflict Resolution•2023

  • Confronting whiteness through virtual humans

    Open Access•Haley R Hatfield, Sun Joo Ahn et al.•Journal of Computer-Mediated…•2022

  • Research on prosocial screen and immersive media effects

    Fernando Canet, Marta Pérez-Escolar•Annals of the International…•2022

  • Virtual Superheroes

    Open Access•Robin S Rosenberg, Shawnee L Baughman et al.•PLoS ONE•2013

  • Grounded Cognition: Past, Present, and Future

    Open Access•Lawrence W Barsalou•Topics in Cognitive Science•2010

  • The Effect of Embodied Experiences on Self-Other Merging, Attitude, and Helping Behavior

    Sun Joo Ahn, Amanda Minh Tran Le et al.•Media Psychology•2013

  • Toward a more nuanced understanding of the statistical properties of a median split

    Open Access•Dawn Iacobucci, Steven S Posavac et al.•Journal of Consumer Psychology•2015

  • The aligned rank transform for nonparametric factorial analyses using only anova procedures

    Open Access•Jacob O Wobbrock, Leah Findlater et al.•Proceedings of the SIGCHI…•2011

  • The Effect of the Agency and Anthropomorphism on Users' Sense of Telepresence, Copresence, and Social Presence in Virtual Environments

    Kristine L Nowak, Frank Biocca•PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented…•2003

  • First Person Experience of Body Transfer in Virtual Reality

    Open Access•Mel Slater, Bernhard Spanlang et al.•PLoS ONE•2010

  • Perspective Taking

    Open Access•Christie D Batson, Shannon Early et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•1997

  • The Proteus Effect

    Open Access•Nick Yee, Jeremy N Bailenson et al.•Communication Research•2009

  • Building long-term empathy

    Open Access•Fernanda Herrera, Jeremy N Bailenson et al.•PLoS ONE•2018

  • Putting yourself in the skin of a black avatar reduces implicit racial bias

    Open Access•Tabitha C Peck, Sofia Seinfeld et al.•Consciousness and Cognition•2013

  • Perspective‐Taking as a Strategy for Improving Intergroup Relations

    Open Access•Andrew R Todd, Adam D Galinsky•Social and Personality Psychology…•2014

  • Perspective-Taking and Self-Other Overlap

    Open Access•Adam D Galinsky, Gillian Ku et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2005

  • Empathy and attitudes

    Christie D Batson, Marina P Polycarpou et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1997

  • Defining Virtual Reality

    Open Access•Jonathan Steuer•Journal of Communication•1992

  • The Proteus Effect

    Open Access•Nick Yee, Jeremy N Bailenson et al.•Human Communication Research•2007

Unique citing works15
Citations per year3,75
Citation span2022 - 2026 (5)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 15

Tools

Open DOI
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae