WHO has been reformed

As the COVID-19 pandemic evolved, so did criticisms about the World Health Organization’s (WHO) ability to combat international health crises in the 21st century Despite the expanding institutional landscape of public health, the WHO remains the de facto global health institution, especially among health professionals This is due to the agency’s unmatched history of working closely with member states before, after and during health emergencies It cannot be dismissed that the WHO is the only global entity that was created to coordinate countries and continents during international health crises and provide essential health guidance from the world’s top experts (Clift, 2013) Yet, with all this responsibility, WHO is primarily a normative body with varying levels of influence on countries’ health policy and practice WHO’s missteps during the COVID-19 response have provoked a considerable backlash that includes calls to reform from some scientific and political leaders, and the formal withdrawal of the United States (Gostin et al , 2020) While this is an unprecedented damning response, WHO criticisms have followed almost every major global public health crisis in the last 20 years (Ebola & Zika (2014–2015);H1NI (2009);SARS (2003)) WHO has responded by undergoing multiple major reforms, most notably in 1998, 2003, 2012, 2015 and 2019 (Brundtland, 1999; Ghebreyesus, 2019)

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