The Value and Challenge of International Security Cooperation Education

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1 ‘The Defence Academy will deliver high quality education and training, research and advice in order to sustain and enhance operational capability and advance the defence and security interests of the UK.’ 2 Security Policy & Operations – Delivery Unit, formerly Defence Diplomacy. 3 Institutional change is defined as the need to improve, be more efficient, do the same things better while transformation is defined as rethinking, being different, doing different things. 4 ‘When a meeting, or part thereof, is held under the Chatham House Rule, participants are free to use the information received, but neither the identity nor the affiliation of the speaker(s), nor that of any other participant, may be revealed.’ 5 Albania, Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey are in NATO; PfP members include Armenia (deployed to Kosovo under Greek command and to Iraq under Polish command), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Moldova, Serbia, Georgia and the Ukraine. 6 The State of Emergency in the Tonga capital Nuku ‘alofa been in place from 2006 to date. 7 Notable absentees are students from Russia, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Zimbabwe and virtually all the Gulf states. 8 An estimated 300,000 child soldiers are directly participating in war in some 20 countries. Under Article 8.2.26 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC), adopted in July 1998 and entered into force 1 July 2002; ‘Conscripting or enlisting children under the age of 15 years into the national armed forces or using them to participate actively in hostilities is a war crime.’ For the International Court of Justice 2005 ruling against the Uganda Armed Forces, see , measures the state of press freedom in the world. The 2008 Report is available at ⟨http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=29011⟩. 42 Freedom House website available at ⟨www.freedomhouse.org⟩. Definitions and rating process are shown at ⟨http://freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=351&ana_page=341&year=2008⟩. 43 The discussions on the fate of the campaigning Russian journalist Anna Politkovskaya are illuminating. It is very rare to hear a student voice any objection to her murder on 7 Oct. 2006. Her numerous articles critical of the war in Chechnya described human rights abuses committed by Russian military forces and Chechen rebels. 44 For example Reporters Without Borders 2008 show Georgia is ranked 120/173 (and classified by Freedom House as ‘Partly Free’), Ethiopia ranked 142/173 (classified as ‘Partly Free’), Syria ranked 159/173 (and classified as ‘Not Free’). 45 Martin Bell, In Harm’s Way: Reflections of a War Zone Thug (London: Hamish Hamilton 1995) p. 29. 46 Chris Ayres, War Reporting for Cowards: Between Iraq and a Hard Place (London: John Murray 2005). 47 Access to the free medical provision at the Defence Academy is a highly prized and much used asset. At least 30 per cent of the students use these facilities – for some it is the chance of a lifetime. 48 The majority of the UN Missions are in Africa. Africa harbors 75 per cent of the world’s conflicts and absorbs 65 per cent of global peacekeeping and peacemaking efforts. 49 As an income generator, UN benefits are highly prized. 50 Jordan, Uruguay, Senegal complete the top 10, ⟨www.globalpolicy.org/security/peacekpg/data/top10contributors.htm⟩. 51 Dallaire’s name is well known but the book is completely new to international students. 52 Anyone doubting this should consult the National Security Strategy of the United Kingdom published in March 2008. 53 Conflict Prevention Pool (CPP). The CPP was established on 1 April 2008. It replaces the former Global Conflict Prevention Pool and Africa Conflict Prevention Pool. The CPP is run jointly by the FCO, MOD and Department for International Development (DFID). 54 A validity study of student performance in office some 12–24 months after the MDWSC has been undertaken. 55 The author is a staff member of LMD and the EXVAL authorship team will be from LMD. Ideally to reach a fully objective and independent assessment there are three components: organisational independence; behavioural independence; protection from external influence. 56 Guest lecturers and outside hosts (FCO, Parliament, Command HQs, etc.) are provided with Terms of Reference stating the requirement and showing the Aim, relevant objectives and student body. 57 Among students of former Warsaw Pact states, many of whom served in the 1980s there is also a strong belief that the UK, allied to the USA, is repeating the errors of the USSR and has failed to understand that controlling Afghanistan is much harder than invading. Time will tell. 58 At all times open source information is used and sources identified. 59 Georgia, Lebanon, Palestine, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan. 60 The Aim, objectives and content are agreed in advance with the British Defence Attaché

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