Amplification of conventional female gender displays and reinforcement of Asian stereotypes in user-generated Artificial Intelligence (AI) images on social media
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 12700490 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Russell Chun (0000-0003-3936-9991, Hofstra University, New York, NY, USA, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2025 |
| Publication date | 2025-04-10 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Visual Communication (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1470-3572 • E-ISSN: 1741-3214 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publishing (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1177/14703572241299109 |
| OpenAlex | W6884732374 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 1 |
| References cited | 26 |
In a content analysis of user-generated artificial intelligence (AI) images from a public Facebook group, the authors investigate how female representations reflect normative racial and gendered stereotypes. Their results suggest that the proportion of conventional feminine expressions, as determined by Erving Goffman’s typology of gender display in Gender Advertisements (1979), are similar to late 20th to early 21st-century magazine advertisements. Multiple degrees of gender display in AI media point to exaggerations of gender display that could be a concern for future AI tool training. Levels of sexualization were high and similar across racial groups. Asians were more likely to be represented in ways consistent with the geisha stereotype and with a pinup motif that reinforces female subordination
Normative · Point (geometry · Reinforcement · Sexualization · Social media · Stereotype (UML · Typology · Ethics and Social Impacts of AI · Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior · Gender, Feminism, and Media
Gender Roles
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Content Analysis in Mass Communication
Gendered race in mass media
Beyond “Commercial Realism”
Goffman’s Gender Advertisements revisited
Representativeness and face-ism
Quantifying the feminine self(ie)
Master your Johnson”
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Revisiting the Jezebel Stereotype
The portrayal of women’s images in magazine advertisements
A conceptual replication and extension of erving goffman's study of gender advertisements
Images of Women?s Sexuality in Advertisements
Images of Women in General Interest and Fashion Magazine Advertisements from 1955 to 2002
Boxing Helena and Corseting Eunice
Fifty Years of Advertising Images
Race is gendered
Power and construction of gendered spaces
Seeing Faces, Making Races
| Unique citing works | 1 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1 |
| Citation span | 2026 - 2026 (1) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 1 |