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Co-designing behavioural public policy

Lessons from the field about how to ‘nudge plus’

Bibliographic Data

ID12889317
AuthorsLiz Richardson (0000-0002-9889-7682, University of Manchester, corresponding author), Peter John (0000-0002-7934-1187, King's College London)
Year2021
Volume17
Issue3
Pages405-422
Publication date2021-02-11
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueEvidence & Policy (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1744-2648 • E-ISSN: 1744-2656
PublisherPolicy Press (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1332/174426420x16000979778231
OpenAlexW3128523212
LanguageEN
Citations received8
References cited15

Background: Behavioural public policies, known as nudges, suffer from lack of citizen consent and involvement, which has led to an argument for more reflective nudges, known as ‘nudge plus’. Aims and objectives: How can more citizen reflection be introduced in a way that is not itself top-down and paternalist in spite of good intentions? How might these ‘nudge pluses’ develop on the ground? Methods: This paper reports a mixed-methods case study. Findings: In the case study, there was an intervention that started off as a top-down nudge, using a randomised controlled trial. The nudge then evolved into a bottom-up initiative with citizen input aided by a design lab approach. Discussion and conclusion: One way to address tensions between top-down and bottom-up approaches is to let in the messiness and loss of direct control implied in a design lab, whereby nudge pluses might evolve naturally and without expert direction. The success of the eventual initiative points the way to more design-based nudge plus interventions. Nudge pluses may emerge naturally as a result of the evolutionary co-design process. There is potential for replication, with cross-fertilisation between different traditions by introducing behaviour change policies with a design-based approach

Argument (complex analysis · Behavioral economics · Behavioural economics · Choice architecture · Economics · Intervention (counseling · Nudge theory · Paternalism · Political science · Psychological intervention · Public economics · Public policy · Public relations · Behavioral Health and Interventions · Digital Mental Health Interventions · Health Policy Implementation Science · Law · Psychology · Social Psychology

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  • Economia comportamental em evidência

    Open Access•Walter Araujo Lima Filho, Rodrigo Vicente Prazeres et al.•Achta Scientiarum Human Social…•2023

  • Nudging increases take‐up of employment services

    Open Access•Vincent Hopkins, Vince Hopkins et al.•Journal of Policy Analysis and…•2024

  • Meta Bi

    Open Access•Malte Dewies, Lucia A Reisch•Behavioural Public Policy•2025

  • Sensemaking and Nudge Management

    Nathalie Alexandre-Bourhis, Aude Mechin-Delabarre et al.•Gestion et management public•2025

  • Nudge plus in tourism

    Open Access•Jonathan Moshe Yachin, Lusine Margaryan et al.•Journal of Sustainable Tourism•2025

  • The state of British policymaking

    Open Access•Paul Cairney, John Boswell et al.•Parliamentary Affairs•2024

  • A manifesto for applying behavioural science

    Open Access•Michael Hallsworth•Nature Human Behaviour•2023

  • Democratic Innovations

    Open Access•Graham Smith•Democratic Innovations•2009

  • The Community of Advantage

    Robert Sugden•Community of Advantage•2018

  • The Political Economy of Expertise

    Kevin M Esterling•The Political Economy of Expertise•2004

  • Implementation Intentions and Goal Achievement

    Peter M Gollwitzer, Paschal Sheeran•Advances in Experimental Social…•2006

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    Open Access•Joe Langley, Daniel Wolstenholme et al.•BMC Health Services Research•2018

  • Thinking, Fast and Slow? Some Field Experiments to Reduce Crime and Dropout in Chicago

    Sara B Heller, Sara Heller et al.•The Quarterly Journal of Economics•2017

  • Communication and persuasion

    Carl I Hovland•Communication and persuasion•1953

  • Engaging the Public in Policy Research

    Open Access•Liz Richardson•Politics and Governance•2014

  • From Controlled Trial to Community Adoption

    David L Katz, Mary Murimi et al.•American Journal of Public Health•2011

  • The Role of Case Study Research in Political Science

    Open Access•Sharon Crasnow•Philosophy of Science•2012

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    Open Access•Harry C Boyte•Public Administration Review•2005

  • Rethinking the role of experts and expertise in behavioural public policy

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Citations per year2
Citation span2022 - 2025 (4)
Highly citedNo
Open DOIOpen Access
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