Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

More Is Not Always Better

Intuitions About Effective Public Policy Can Lead to Unintended Consequences

Bibliographic Data

ID12908162
AuthorsEllen Peters (0000-0003-0702-6169, The Ohio State University, corresponding author), William M P Klein (0000-0002-8847-8193), Annette R Kaufman (0000-0002-6696-7025), Louise Meilleur (0000-0001-8341-4062, The Ohio State University), Anna Dixon (King's Fund)
Year2013
Volume7
Issue1
Pages114-148
Publication date2013-01-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueSocial Issues and Policy Review (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1751-2395 • E-ISSN: 1751-2409
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1111/j.1751-2409.2012.01045.x
PMID24000291
PMCIDPMC3758756
OpenAlexW1655831549
LanguageEN
Citations received11
References cited130

Public policy decisions often appear based on an assumption that providing more options, more information, and greater decision-making autonomy to consumers will produce better outcomes. We examine reasons why this "more-is-better" approach exists based on the psychological literature. Although better outcomes can result from informed consumer choice, we argue that more options, information, and autonomy can also lead to unintended negative consequences. We use mostly health-related policies and guidelines from the United States and elsewhere as exemplars. We consider various psychological mechanisms that cause these unintended consequences including cognitive overload, affect, and anticipated regret, information salience and availability, and trust in governments as authoritative information providers. We also point toward potential solutions based on psychological research that may reduce the negative unintended consequences of a "more-is-better" approach

Affect (linguistics · Autonomy · Business · Cognitive psychology · Economics · Information overload · Political science · Public economics · Public policy · Public relations · Regret · Salience (neuroscience · Situational ethics · Unintended consequences · Behavioral Health and Interventions · Computer Science · Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics · Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction · Psychology · Social Psychology

  • A latent profile analysis using the theory of planned behavior to predict alcohol use

    Erika A Montanaro, Erika Montanaro et al.•Psychology & Health•2022

  • How do people interpret information about colorectal cancer screening

    Open Access•Samuel G Smith, Gemma Vart et al.•Health Expectations•2015

  • Unintended consequences of the Clean Air Act

    Open Access•Michael Hendryx, Benjamin D Holland et al.•Environmental Science & Policy•2016

  • Would You Use It With a Seal of Approval? Important Attributes of 2,4-Dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) as a Hypothetical Pharmaceutical Product

    Open Access•Emma E Bleasdale, Sam N Thrower et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2018

  • Carrot and stick incentive policies for climate change mitigation

    Open Access•Maoliang Ling, Chutian Liu et al.•Ecological Economics•2024

  • Parent and Youth Preferences in the Treatment of Youth Depression

    Open Access•David A Langer, Tessa K Kritikos et al.•Child Psychiatry & Human…•2020

  • A Framework for Enhancing the Value of Research for Dissemination and Implementation

    Gila Neta, Russell E Glasgow et al.•American Journal of Public Health•2015

  • Toss and turn or toss and stop? A coin flip reduces the need for information in decision-making

    Open Access•Maria Douneva, Mariela E Jaffé et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2019

  • Tradeoffs and Spillovers in U.S. Criminal Immigration Enforcement

    Open Access•Maureen Stobb, Banks Miller et al.•Policy Studies Journal•2025

  • Migration Decision-Making and Its Key Dimensions

    Open Access•Mathias Czaika, Jakub Bijak et al.•The Annals of the American…•2021

  • Qualis, Para que te quero

    Open Access•Luiz Augusto Campos•Novos Debates•2020

  • The Construction of Preference

    Open Access•Sarah Lichtenstein, Paul Slovic•Construction of Preference•2006

  • The Adaptive Decision Maker

    Open Access•John W Payne, James R Bettman et al.•Adaptive Decision Maker•1993

  • Can “Low-Fat” Nutrition Labels Lead to Obesity?

    Open Access•Brian Wansink, Pierre Chandon•Journal of Marketing Research•2006

  • Patients’ participation in medical care

    Open Access•Sheldon Greenfield, Sherrie H Kaplan et al.•Journal of General Internal…•1988

  • Supporting Autonomy to Motivate Patients With Diabetes for Glucose Control

    George C Williams, Geoffrey C Williams et al.•Diabetes Care•1998

  • Patient Understanding of Food Labels

    Open Access•Russell L Rothman, Ryan Housam et al.•American Journal of Preventive…•2006

  • Do Defaults Save Lives?

    Open Access•E Johnson, Daniel Goldstein•Science•2003

  • Less Is More in Presenting Quality Information to Consumers

    Open Access•Ellen Peters, Nathan F Dieckmann et al.•Medical Care Research and Review•2007

  • Decision aids for people facing health treatment or screening decisions

    Dawn Stacey, France Légaré et al.•Cochrane Database of Systematic…•2017

  • Strategies for Promoting Healthier Food Choices

    Julie S Downs, G Loewenstein et al.•American Economic Review•2009

  • Affect, risk, and decision making.

    Paul Slovic, Ellen Peters et al.•Health Psychology•2005

  • The Differential Impact of Abstract vs. Concrete Information on Decisions 1

    Open Access•Eugene Borgida, Richard E Nisbett•Journal of Applied Social…•1977

  • Crafting Normative Messages to Protect the Environment

    Open Access•Robert B Cialdini•Current Directions in Psychological…•2003

  • Calorie Labeling And Food Choices: A First Look At The Effects On Low-Income People In New York City

    Brian Elbel, Rogan Kersh et al.•Health Affairs•2009

  • Developing a quality criteria framework for patient decision aids

    Open Access•Glyn Elwyn•BMJ•2006

  • Numeracy, ratio bias, and denominator neglect in judgments of risk and probability

    Open Access•Valerie F Reyna, Charles J Brainerd•Learning and Individual Differences•2008

  • Numeracy Skill And The Communication, Comprehension, And Use Of Risk-Benefit Information

    Ellen Peters, Judith H Hibbard et al.•Health Affairs•2007

  • The Power of Suggestion

    Brigitte C Madrian, Dennis F Shea•The Quarterly Journal of Economics•2001

  • Numeric, Verbal, and Visual Formats of Conveying Health Risks

    Open Access•Isaac M Lipkus, Isaac Lipkus•Medical Decision Making•2007

  • Can patient self-management help explain the SES health gradient?

    Open Access•Dana P Goldman, James P Smith•Proceedings of the National…•2002

  • Causal explanations as a risk factor for depression

    Christopher Peterson, Martin E P Seligman et al.•Psychological Review•1984

  • Adult Age Differences in Dual Information Processes

    Open Access•Ellen Peters, T M He et al.•Perspectives on Psychological…•2007

  • Judgment under Uncertainty

    Amos Tversky, Daniel Kahneman•Utility, Probability, and Human…•1975

  • Risk, Ambiguity, and the Savage Axioms

    Daniel Ellsberg•The Quarterly Journal of Economics•1961

  • An Analysis of Richard H. Thaler and Cass R. Sunstein’s Nudge

    Mark Egan•An Analysis of Richard H. Thaler…•2017

  • When Choice Does Not Equal Freedom

    Open Access•Nicole M Stephens, Stephanie A Fryberg et al.•Social Psychological and…•2011

  • When choice is demotivating

    Sheena S Iyengar, Mark R Lepper•Journal of Personality and Social…•2000

  • Fundamental Processes Leading to Attitude Change

    Open Access•Pablo Briñol, Richard E Petty•Journal of Communication•2006

  • Risk Perception and Affect

    Open Access•Paul Slovic, Ellen Peters•Current Directions in Psychological…•2006

  • Moral Identity and Developmental Theory

    Open Access•Daniel K Lapsley, Daniel Lapsley•Human Development•2015

  • The Effects of Mandatory Seat Belt Laws on Driving Behavior and Traffic Fatalities

    Alma Cohen, Liran Einav•The Review of Economics and…•2003

  • Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being

    Richard M Ryan, Edward L Deci•American Psychologist•2000

  • Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being

    Richard M Ryan, Edward L Deci•American Psychologist•2000

  • Making Numbers Matter

    Angela Fagerlin, Peter A Ubel et al.•American Journal of Health Behavior•2007

  • Consumer understanding and use of nutrition labelling

    Open Access•Gill Cowburn, Lynn Stockley•Public Health Nutrition•2005

  • Low-income groups and behaviour change interventions

    Susan Michie, Karen Jochelson et al.•Journal of Epidemiology and…•2009

  • Can There Ever Be Too Many Options? A Meta-Analytic Review of Choice Overload

    Benjamin Scheibehenne, Rainer Greifeneder et al.•Journal of Consumer Research•2010

  • Unpacking perceived control in risk perception

    Open Access•Loran F Nordgren, Joop Van Der Pligt et al.•Journal of Behavioral Decision…•2007

  • The effectiveness of regulatory disclosure policies

    Open Access•David Weil, Archon Fung et al.•Journal of Policy Analysis and…•2005

  • Consumer Information Requirements and Telecommunications Regulation

    Patrick Xavier•The Information Society•2008

  • Purchasing Behavior and Calorie Information at Fast-Food Chains in New York City, 2007

    Mary T Bassett, Tamara Dumanovsky et al.•American Journal of Public Health•2008

  • How effective is drug abuse resistance education? A meta-analysis of Project Dare outcome evaluations

    S T Ennett, N S Tobler et al.•American Journal of Public Health•1994

  • The effects of choice and enhanced personal responsibility for the aged

    Ellen J Langer, Judith Rodin•Journal of Personality and Social…•1976

  • The Psychological Pleasure and Pain of Choosing

    Simona Botti, Sheena S lyengar•Journal of Personality and Social…•2004

  • Involving Patients in Clinical Decisions

    Richard A Deyo, Daniel C Cherkin et al.•Medical Care•2000

  • Assessing the Effects of Physician-Patient Interactions on the Outcomes of Chronic Disease

    Sherrie H Kaplan, Sheldon Greenfield et al.•Medical Care•1989

  • Self-determination

    Barry Schwartz•American Psychologist•2000

  • Government Health Warnings and the “Boomerang” Effect

    Open Access•Michael E Hyland, Michael Hyland et al.•Psychological Reports•1979

  • Cognitive sophistication does not attenuate the bias blind spot

    Richard F West, Russell J Meserve et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2012

  • Maximizing versus satisficing

    Barry Schwartz, Andrew Ward et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2002

  • Thinking too much

    Timothy D Wilson, Jonathan W Schooler•Journal of Personality and Social…•1991

  • Long-term effects of a control-relevant intervention with the institutionalized aged

    Judith Rodin, Ellen J Langer•Journal of Personality and Social…•1977

  • The illusion of control

    Ellen J Langer•Journal of Personality and Social…•1975

  • The construction of preference

    Paul Slovic•American Psychologist•1995

  • How numeracy influences risk comprehension and medical decision making

    Valerie F Reyna, Wendy L Nelson et al.•Psychological Bulletin•2009

  • Postdecision changes in the desirability of alternatives

    Jack W Brehm•Journal of Abnormal & Social…•1956

  • Health Insurance Costs and Early Retirement Decisions

    Richard W Johnson, Amy J Davidoff et al.•Industrial and Labor Relations…•2003

  • Lay discourses and beliefs related to food risks

    Open Access•D Lupton, Deborah A Lupton•Sociology of Health & Illness•2005

  • The Mere Categorization Effect

    Cassie Mogilner, Tamar Rudnick et al.•Journal of Consumer Research•2008

  • When Choosing Is Not Deciding

    Simona Botti, Ann L Mcgill•Journal of Consumer Research•2006

  • The Skeptical Shopper

    Christina L Brown, Aradhna Krishna•Journal of Consumer Research•2004

  • Consumer Preference for a No-Choice Option

    Ravi Dhar•Journal of Consumer Research•1997

  • Cognitive Effort, Affect, and Choice

    Ellen Garbarino, Ellen C Garbarino et al.•Journal of Consumer Research•1997

  • "Information Load" and Consumers

    Debra L Scammon•Journal of Consumer Research•1977

Unique citing works11
Citations per year1
Citation span2015 - 2025 (11)
Citation velocityrecent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 11
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae