Kate Ferguson, Architectures of Violence

The proliferation of armed actors in contemporary conflicts is widespread. As many as 1,000 different armed groups with a variety of motives and loyalties were reportedly active in Syria at the height of the war. Similarly, the multiple conflicts of the African Sahel region are marked by a complex web of armed actors operating according to their own independent, yet overlapping, logics. Understanding who is who and how they relate is one of the great challenges for any international policy maker trying to determine the appropriate response.This is not a new phenomenon. In the wars of the 1990’s, paramilitary

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