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En reise fra klassisk til nyere handelsteori

Bibliographic Data

ID12964435
AuthorsIvar Gaasland (BI Norwegian Business School, corresponding author)
Year2023
Volume81
Issue3
Publication date2023-08-24
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueInternasjonal politikk (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1891-1757 • E-ISSN: 0020-577X
PublisherCappelen Damm Akademisk (PUBLISHER • NO)
DOI10.23865/intpol.v81.5801
OpenAlexW4386141949
LanguageEN
References cited7

Siden 1970-tallet har det vært en rivende utvikling innenfor handelsteori, motivert av empiriske observasjoner som ikke har passet med den klassiske teorien om komparative fortrinn. Ved komparative fortrinn drives handelen av forskjeller mellom land, og det utveksles varer som tilhører ulike næringer. Hva forklarer da den stadig økende handelen med liknende varer (som ølmerker) mellom liknende land (som Sverige og Danmark)? Og hvorfor domineres handelen av relativt få bedrifter, mens de fleste holder seg i hjemmemarkedet? Artikkelen ser nærmere på nyere handelsteori som kan bidra til å forklare slike observasjoner. Handel gjør det lettere å utnytte stordriftsfordeler i produksjon av differensierte varer innenfor en næring. Teorien viser at dette skaper gevinster ved handel som er uavhengig av komparative fortrinn. Et banebrytende trekk ved nyere teori er at produksjon og handel modelleres på bedriftsnivå. Ved å bringe inn forskjeller i produktivitet mellom bedrifter, skapes en ramme for å studere karakteristika ved bedrifter som opererer i internasjonale markeder. Tilgang til handelsdata på transaksjonsnivå – mellom kjøper og selger – har i tillegg åpnet et nytt univers for empiriske studier. I artikkelen gjennomgås og forklares noen viktige bidrag innenfor nyere handelsteori. Trekk ved norsk næringsstruktur drøftes avslutningsvis i lys av nyere handelsteori. Abstract in English:A Journey from Classical to Modern Trade TheoryInternational trade theory has since the mid-1970s experienced a rapid development, motivated by empirical observations that seemed inconsistent with classical comparative advantage theory. Under comparative advantage, countries trade to takes advantage of their differences, i.e., countries exchange products across industries. What could then explain the increasing exchange of similar products (e.g., beer brands) between similar countries (e.g., Denmark and Sweden)? And why is trade dominated by relatively few firms, while most firms are confined to their home market? This article provides a survey of modern trade theory that illuminates such observations. Trade increases market size which makes it easier to exploit economics of scale in production of differentiated products within an industry. The theory demonstrates that this generates gains from trade decoupled from comparative advantage. A seminal feature of modern theory is that production and trade are modeled at the firm-level. By introducing differences in productivity between firms, it is possible to study characteristics of firms that operate in international markets. Recent access to trade data at the transaction level has opened a new universe for empirical studies in this area. This article presents some important contributions of the modern trade theory. In conclusion, features of the Norwegian industry structure are discussed and related to modern trade theory

Art · Economics · Humanities · Management · Political science · Global Trade and Competitiveness · Global trade and economics · Philosophy

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Highly citedNo

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