Assessment of soil agrophysical and agrochemical changes under different tillage methods

The article discusses the results of studies of changes in winter wheat yield depending on the agro physical and agrochemical properties of the soil with various methods of tillage and the application of soil improvers (vermicompost, mineral fertilizers, bentonite). Field and laboratory studies have shown that the distribution of soil organic matter and macronutrients available to plants varies in the depth of arable horizons, depending on the method of tillage used. As a result of the application of soil loosening, plants produce a higher grain yield compared to harrowing or traditional plowing. Unlike conventional plowing, with zero tillage and loosening, plant residues remain on the surface and in the subsurface layers of the soil, which improve the agrochemical and agro-physical properties of the soil and increase yields. Equal doses of vermicompost and mineral fertilizers had a comparable effect on the yield of winter wheat. However, when bentonite was applied at a rate of 3 t/ha in autumn, it had a more favorable effect on wheat yield than the same amount applied in spring