September 11
"Symbolism and Responses to "9/11
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 13057764 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Mark Hopkins (0000-0002-7655-0215, Swarthmore College, corresponding author), Raymond F Hopkins (Swarthmore College) |
| Year | 2003 |
| Volume | 1 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Publication date | 2003-11-17 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | The Forum (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 2194-6183 • E-ISSN: 1540-8884 |
| Publisher | De Gruyter (PUBLISHER • DE) |
| DOI | 10.2202/1540-8884.1017 |
| OpenAlex | W2024044083 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 10 |
Professors Hopkins and Hopkins review the impact of 9/11 as a symbol in American politics. Following the terrorist attacks, "9/11" became a simple reference condensing wide-ranging events and emotions. Various interpretations emerged about what caused "9/11" and enabled the attacks. The authors claim that 9/11 allowed US leaders to pursue certain policy prescriptions that otherwise would have been blocked. Among four possible prescriptions for responding to the attacks, the Bush administration chose a "praetorian" policy of preventive war, with Iraq as its first example. In the authors view, by pursuing an expansive but highly militarized response, the US has overlooked the need to alleviate the conditions that made 9/11 possible. The authors recommend that the US, as part of a multilateral effort, allocate major resources to expanding "global public goods," including measures that strengthen barriers to proliferation, enhance fighting of global crime, and reduce incentives for terrorism, especially ones arising in failing states where distorted education and weak protection of human rights encourage organized terrorism
Administration (probate law · Democracy · Economics · Expansive · Human rights · Incentive · Law and economics · Political science · Politics · Public relations · Sociology · Symbol (formal · Terrorism · Health and Conflict Studies · Law · Public Administration · Socio-political and Technological Issues · Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence
| Citation velocity | historical |
|---|---|
| Highly cited | No |