Effects of intermittent hypoxia and hypoxia–hyperoxia exposure on recovery from delayed onset muscle soreness in physically active men

Protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Bibliographic Data

ID13131599
AuthorsSebastian Philippe Hansen Quiblier (Universidad Europea de Madrid), Guillermo García-Pérez-de-Sevilla (0000-0002-2689-1767, Universidad Europea), Catalina Santiago (0000-0003-3852-8217, Universidad Europea), Catalina Santiago-Dorrego (Universidad Europea de Madrid), Tamara Iturriaga Ramírez (Universidad Europea), Rebeca Benítez-Valero (Universidad Europea de Madrid), Carlos Revuelta Parra (Universidad Europea de Madrid), Alejandro Fernández Carrasco (Universidad Europea de Madrid), Diego Domínguez-Balmaseda (0000-0001-8683-9154, Universidad Europea de Madrid)
Year2026
Volume8
Pages1768915-1768915
Publication date2026-03-25
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueFrontiers in Sports and Active Living (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2624-9367 • E-ISSN: 2624-9367
PublisherFrontiers Media (PUBLISHER • CH)
DOI10.3389/fspor.2026.1768915
PMID41958823
OpenAlexW7140322313
LanguageEN
References cited62

Introduction The objective of this study is to evaluate whether intermittent hypoxia can enhance physical recovery following the induction of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Methods and analysis A randomized controlled trial will be conducted with male participants aged 18–35 years who engage in at least two organized training sessions per week. After a DOMS induction protocol targeting the hamstrings, participants will be randomized to receive either intermittent hypoxia, hypoxia–hyperoxia, or placebo for five consecutive days. During this period, several outcome variables will be assessed, including: cognitive function—attention and executive functions (D2 Test and Trail Making Test A and B); stress (DASS-21 questionnaire); physical performance—VO 2 max, countermovement jump (CMJ, My Jump App), 30-m sprint speed (MySprint App), one-repetition maximum in half-squat (Vitruve linear encoder), isometric hamstring strength (ActivForce2 dynamometer), muscle soreness (VAS scale), heart rate variability, muscle oxygen saturation, hip flexion range of motion with extended knee (Goniometer Pro App); and blood inflammatory markers: HIF-1α, PGC-1α, Klotho protein and lactate. To analyze the effects of the intervention, a repeated-measures ANOVA will be performed to assess Group × Time interactions. Ethics and disseminations The study was reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (internal code 25/446-E) prior to data collection. If effective, intermittent hypoxia and hypoxia-hyperoxia could be implemented as non-pharmacological recovery strategies for athletes and physically active populations, offering a novel alternative to current methods with inconsistent results. The findings may guide future research on hypoxic conditioning, inform clinical practices for rehabilitation and performance recovery, and potentially shape policy regarding safe, evidence-based applications of hypoxia in sports medicine. Clinical Trial Registration https://www.anzctr.org.au/ , registration code ACTRN12625001404415

Analysis of variance · Delayed onset muscle soreness · Heart rate · Hypoxia (environmental · Intermittent hypoxia · Isometric exercise · Placebo · Randomized controlled trial · Sprint · Cardiovascular and exercise physiology · Exercise and Physiological Responses · High Altitude and Hypoxia

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