Empathy, bias, and data responsibility
Evaluating AI chatbots for gender-based violence support
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 13137232 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Borja Sanz (0000-0003-2039-7773, Universidad de Deusto, corresponding author), María López Belloso (0000-0003-4857-2967, Universidad de Deusto), Ainhoa Izaguirre-Choperena (Universidad de Deusto) |
| Year | 2025 |
| Volume | 7 |
| Publication date | 2025-07-30 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Frontiers in Political Science (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 2673-3145 • E-ISSN: 2673-3145 |
| Publisher | Frontiers Media (PUBLISHER • CH) |
| DOI | 10.3389/fpos.2025.1631881 |
| OpenAlex | W4412748461 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 1 |
| References cited | 30 |
Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbots are increasingly deployed as support tools in sensitive domains such as gender-based violence (GBV). This study evaluates the performance of three conversational AI models—including a general-purpose Large Language Model (ChatGPT), an open-source model (LLaMA), and a specialized chatbot (AinoAid)—in providing first-line assistance to women affected by GBV. Drawing on findings from the European IMPROVE project, the research uses a mixed-methods design combining qualitative narrative interviews with 30 survivors in Spain and quantitative natural language processing metrics. Chatbots were assessed through scenario-based simulations across the GBV cycle, with prompts designed via the Systematic Context Construction and Behavior Specification method to ensure ethical and empathetic alignment. Results reveal significant differences in emotional resonance, response quality, and gender bias handling, with ChatGPT showing the most empathetic engagement and AinoAid offering contextually precise guidance. However, all models lacked intersectional sensitivity and proactive attention to privacy. These findings highlight the importance of trauma-informed design and qualitative grounding in developing responsible AI for GBV support
Empathy · Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion · Digital Mental Health Interventions · Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health · Psychology · Social Psychology
Introduction to Information Retrieval
Algorithms of Oppression
Sentence-Bert
The world report on violence and health
Engineers on responsibility
Developing a chatbot to support victim-survivors who are subjected to domestic abuse
The Study of Gender-Based Violence through a Narrative Approach
Four Ways to Feminist Research Praxis
Automating Inequality
Interviewing Women Again
The Complexity of Intersectionality
Mixed methods research
| Unique citing works | 1 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1 |
| Citation span | 2026 - 2026 (1) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 1 |