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Mass Trauma, Multiple Losses, and the Application of the Two-Track Model of Bereavement in the Context of War

Assessment From a Systemic-Ecological Perspective

Bibliographic Data

ID13629656
AuthorsRuth Malkinson (School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Haifa, International Laboratory for the Study of Loss, Bereavement, and Human Resilience, Haifa, Israel), Alexander Manevich (0000-0003-4977-1116, School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Haifa, International Laboratory for the Study of Loss, Bereavement, and Human Resilience, Haifa, Israel, corresponding author), Simon Shimshon Rubin (0000-0001-8410-9430, School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Haifa, International Laboratory for the Study of Loss, Bereavement, and Human Resilience, Haifa, Israel), Eliezer Witztum (School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Haifa, International Laboratory for the Study of Loss, Bereavement, and Human Resilience, Haifa, Israel)
Year2025
Pages302228251337127-302228251337127
Publication date2025-04-25
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueOMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0030-2228 • E-ISSN: 1541-3764
PublisherSAGE Publishing (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1177/00302228251337127
PMID40279285
OpenAlexW4409783557
LanguageEN
Citations received10
References cited29

Multiple losses in wartime, both death-related and non-death-related, require multidimensional assessment to encompass both the event and the multiple levels of interpersonal and societal involvements within which individuals are embedded. We present a case study in which the traumatic death of a family member is a central, but not exclusive, element in understanding the bereavement process. The traumatic death originated with the events of October 7, 2023 and the ensuing war which were part of an overwhelming surge of traumatic losses in Israel. The bereaved's response met the criteria for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD). We recommend that multiple losses and their unique significance for the bereaved should be directly addressed in the assessment and formulation of therapeutic interventions. Therefore, we propose an approach to clinical assessment in cases of mass trauma and multiple losses, grounded in the Two-Track Model of Bereavement and the Systemic-Ecological Perspective

Complicated grief · Context (archaeology · Grief · Perspective (graphical · Posttraumatic stress · Psychiatry · Psychological intervention · Psychotherapist · Traumatic stress · Clinical Psychology · Computer Science · Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health · History · Homelessness and Social Issues · Migration, Health and Trauma · Psychology

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Unique citing works10
Citations per year10
Citation span2025 - 2026 (2)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 8

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