Associative Learning Processes in the Formation of Intergroup Anxiety and Avoidance in Society
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 13675188 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Alexander W O’donnell (0000-0001-8120-3536, Griffith University, corresponding author), David L Neumann (0000-0001-5400-462X, Griffith University), Amanda L Duffy (0000-0001-6241-8443, Griffith University) |
| Year | 2020 |
| Volume | 124 |
| Issue | 6 |
| Pages | 2587-2612 |
| Publication date | 2020-10-20 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Psychological Reports (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0033-2941 • E-ISSN: 1558-691X |
| Publisher | SAGE Publishing (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1177/0033294120965472 |
| PMID | 33081583 |
| OpenAlex | W3093887982 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 1 |
| References cited | 59 |
Laboratory-based aversive conditioning studies have reliably induced fear toward an image of an outgroup member by pairing the image with a fear-inducing, aversive stimulus. However, laboratory-based studies have been criticized for being simplistic in comparison to the complexities of the real world. The current study is the first to apply an aversive conditioning framework to explain the formation of intergroup fear and subsequent anxiety toward, and avoidance of, the outgroup outside the laboratory. Two samples recalled details of their first negative encounter with an African American ( N = 554) or Muslim ( N = 613) individual, respectively. Congruent with learning theory, participants who reported an unpleasant event with an outgroup member reported more fear during the encounter than did those who did not report experiencing an unpleasant event. Additionally, the intensity of unpleasantness during the first encounter indirectly predicted outgroup avoidance, via retrospectively recalled fear and current levels of intergroup anxiety
Anxiety · Associative learning · Aversive Stimulus · Cognitive psychology · Developmental psychology · Outgroup · Psychiatry · Cultural Differences and Values · Psychology · Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology
Fear is readily associated with an out-group face in a minimal group context
Replication, falsification, and the crisis of confidence in social psychology
The Role of Social Groups in the Persistence of Learned Fear
Mediation Models for Longitudinal Data in Developmental Research
The conditioning theory of fearacquisition
The Formation of False Memories
Seeking and avoiding intergroup contact
Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis
The structure of negative emotional states
The short‐form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (Dass‐21)
Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1
The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data
The Antecedents and Implications of Interracial Anxiety
Fanning the flames of prejudice
Memory bias for threatening information in anxiety and anxiety disorders
Learning anxiety in interactions with the outgroup
Using outgroup comfort to predict Black students' college experiences
Beyond Baron and Kenny
Validity of adult retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences
Positive and negative intergroup contact
An integrated threat model of explicit and implicit attitudes
False memories of fabricated political events
Verbal instruction abolishes fear conditioned to racial out-group faces
A contemporary learning theory perspective on the etiology of anxiety disorders
Racial and behavioral cues in Black and White children's perceptions of ambiguously aggressive acts
Legitimating Racial Discrimination
| Unique citing works | 1 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 0,2 |
| Citation span | 2021 - 2021 (1) |
| Citation velocity | historical |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 1 |