Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Naturalistic Psychedelic Use

A World Apart from Clinical Care

Bibliographic Data

ID13913040
AuthorsNicolas G Glynos (0000-0002-6952-131X, University of Michigan), Christopher W Fields (0000-0002-6509-6483, Anesthesiology Department, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA), Julie Barron (Blue Sage Health Consulting, Ann Arbor, MI, USA), Moss Herberholz (0009-0007-6717-7088, University of Michigan), D J Kruger (0000-0002-2757-7016, Anesthesiology Department, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA), Kevin F Boehnke (0000-0003-3696-3979, Anesthesiology Department, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, corresponding author)
Year2022
Volume55
Issue4
Pages379-388
Publication date2022-08-11
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Psychoactive Drugs (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0279-1072 • E-ISSN: 2159-9777
PublisherTaylor & Francis (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/02791072.2022.2108356
PMID35950817
OpenAlexW4290805404
LanguageEN
Citations received20
References cited35

Interest in and availability of psychedelics for therapeutic purposes has increased in recent decades. In a large, anonymous, online survey, we investigated patterns of communication with healthcare providers and awareness and utilization of substance testing kits or services among people using psychedelics naturalistically. The sample population included attendees of a psychedelic activism event and users of psychedelic social media forums. Among 1,435 participants, 72.5% never discussed psychedelic use with their primary care provider (PCP). Only 4.4% reported using psychedelics with a therapist and 3% in clinical settings, although 77.8% were very or extremely likely to take psychedelics with a therapist if one were legally available. While 62.6% of participants were aware of substance testing services, 42.6% of these indicated never using them. Regression analyses identified several variables associated with disclosure to PCP and utilization of substance testing services including age, gender, frequency and number of psychedelics used, and likelihood of consuming psychedelics under the guidance of a therapist if one were legally available. Further research is necessary to investigate these findings among other groups. Our findings suggest that relevant training and education for healthcare providers is needed, along with more visible options for substance identity testing

Health care · Population · Psychiatry · Substance use · Chemical synthesis and alkaloids · Clinical Psychology · Medicine · Natural Compound Pharmacology Studies · Psychedelics and Drug Studies · Psychology

  • 'The only way out is through'

    Guy Simon, Shlomo Guzmen-Carmeli et al.•Social Science & Medicine•2026

  • Australian psychologists' attitudes towards psychedelic‐assisted therapy and training following a world‐first drug down‐scheduling

    Open Access•Jordan J Negrine, Cheneal Puljevic et al.•Drug and Alcohol Review•2025

  • Exploring the perceived usefulness of integration support after naturalistic psychedelic experiences in people concerned about their substance use

    Open Access•Sophie Van Der Helder, Krista J Siefried et al.•Journal of Psychedelic Studies•2025

  • Psychedelics as a tool for a more connected and sustainable world? Considering the importance of rituals, boundaries, and commitment

    Open Access•Katie Anderson, Patrick Elf et al.•International Journal of Drug…•2024

  • Becoming a Psychedelic User

    Open Access•J R Rose•Sociology Compass•2025

  • Self‐treatment with psychedelic substances for health and wellbeing in Aotearoa New Zealand

    Open Access•Chris Arnison, R Egan et al.•Kōtuitui New Zealand Journal of…•2025

  • An Assessment of Psychedelic Knowledge Among People Using Psychedelics Naturalistically

    D J Kruger, Nicolas G Glynos et al.•Journal of Psychoactive Drugs•2022

  • Tripping into Treatment

    D J Kruger, Janice K Albrecht et al.•Journal of Psychoactive Drugs•2025

  • The Relationship Between Naturalistic Psychedelic Use and Clinical Care in Canada

    Nicolas G Glynos, D J Kruger et al.•Journal of Psychoactive Drugs•2023

  • Psychedelic substitution

    Open Access•Nicolas G Glynos, Jacob S Aday et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2024

  • Slouching towards engagement

    Open Access•Kevin F Boehnke, Kasey Cox et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2023

  • MeO-DMT for post-traumatic stress disorder

    Open Access•Anya Ragnhildstveit, Ryan Khan et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2023

  • Changed Substance Use After Psychedelic Experiences Among Individuals in Canada

    Open Access•Kevin F Boehnke, D J Kruger et al.•International Journal of Mental…•2023

  • Difficulties following naturalistic psychedelic use and associations with adverse childhood experiences

    Open Access•Michelle Olofsson, Walter Osika et al.•International Journal of Drug…•2026

  • A Scoping Review of Research in Naturalistic Studies with Psychedelics

    Open Access•Laura C Carvalho, Jorge Encantado et al.•Journal of Psychoactive Drugs•2025

  • Hypertensive Emergency Secondary to Combining Psilocybin Mushrooms, Extended Release Dextroamphetamine-Amphetamine, and Tranylcypromine

    Open Access•Brian S Barnett, Curtis J Koons et al.•Journal of Psychoactive Drugs•2024

  • Going Underground

    Nicolas G Glynos, Anne Baker et al.•Journal of Psychoactive Drugs•2024

  • Preferences and Support for Psychedelic Policies and Practices Among Those Using Psychedelics

    D J Kruger, Julie Barron et al.•Journal of Psychoactive Drugs•2023

  • Trainees Unprepared for Advances in Psychedelic Medicine

    Jamarie Geller, Nicolas G Glynos et al.•Journal of Psychoactive Drugs•2024

  • Considerations on the Construction, Timing, and Consequences of the Psychedelic Renaissance

    Open Access•Cindy Brooks Dollar•Contemporary Drug Problems•2026

  • Cessation and reduction in alcohol consumption and misuse after psychedelic use

    Open Access•Albert Garcia‐Romeu, A K Davis et al.•Journal of Psychopharmacology•2019

  • Survey study of challenging experiences after ingesting psilocybin mushrooms

    Open Access•Theresa M Carbonaro, Matthew P Bradstreet et al.•Journal of Psychopharmacology•2016

  • Predicting Responses to Psychedelics

    Open Access•Eline C H M Haijen, Eline Haijen et al.•Frontiers in Pharmacology•2018

  • MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD

    Open Access•Jennifer M Mitchell, Michael P Bogenschutz et al.•Nature Medicine•2021

  • Human hallucinogen research

    Open Access•MW Johnson, WA Richards et al.•Journal of Psychopharmacology•2008

  • Effects of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy on Major Depressive Disorder

    Open Access•A K Davis, Frederick S Barrett et al.•JAMA Psychiatry•2021

  • Rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer

    Open Access•Stephen Ro, Stephen Ross et al.•Journal of Psychopharmacology•2016

  • Psychedelics and Mental Health

    Open Access•Teri Suzanne Krebs, Pål-Ørjan Johansen et al.•PLoS ONE•2013

  • Long-term follow-up of psilocybin-facilitated smoking cessation

    Matthew W Johnson, Albert Garcia-Romeu et al.•The American Journal of Drug and…•2017

  • Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression

    Open Access•Robin L Carhart-Harris, Mark Bolstridge et al.•The Lancet Psychiatry•2016

  • Psilocybin-assisted treatment for alcohol dependence

    Open Access•Michael P Bogenschutz, Alyssa A Forcehimes et al.•Journal of Psychopharmacology•2015

  • People of color in North America report improvements in racial trauma and mental health symptoms following psychedelic experiences

    Open Access•M T Williams, A K Davis et al.•Drugs Education Prevention and…•2021

  • Applying Lessons From Cannabis to the Psychedelic Highway

    Open Access•Kevin F Boehnke, A K Davis et al.•JAMA Health Forum•2022

  • Population Survey Data Informing the Therapeutic Potential of Classic and Novel Phenethylamine, Tryptamine, and Lysergamide Psychedelics

    Open Access•James Sexton, Charles D Nichols et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2020

  • Persisting Reductions in Cannabis, Opioid, and Stimulant Misuse After Naturalistic Psychedelic Use

    Open Access•Albert Garcia‐Romeu, A K Davis et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2020

  • Microdosing psychedelics

    Open Access•Toby Lea, Nicole Amada et al.•International Journal of Drug…•2020

  • A Systematized Review of Drug-checking and Related Considerations for Implementation as A Harm Reduction Intervention

    Francesca Giulini, Eamon Keenan et al.•Journal of Psychoactive Drugs•2023

  • Psychedelic Knowledge and Opinions in Psychiatrists at Two Professional Conferences

    Brian S Barnett, Yvan Beaussant et al.•Journal of Psychoactive Drugs•2021

  • Attitudes and Beliefs about the Therapeutic Use of Psychedelic Drugs among Psychologists in the United States

    Open Access•A K Davis, Gabrielle Agin-Liebes et al.•Journal of Psychoactive Drugs•2021

  • Use of psilocybin ("mushrooms") among US adults

    Open Access•R Andrew Yockey, Andrew Yockey et al.•Journal of Psychedelic Studies•2021

  • Lifetime use of psychedelics is associated with better mental health indicators during the Covid-19 pandemic

    Open Access•F Cavanna, Carla Pallavicini et al.•Journal of Psychedelic Studies•2021

Citations per year5
Citation span2022 - 2026 (5)
Highly citedNo

Tools

Open DOI
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae