Gully development and its spatio-temporal variability since the late 19th century in the northern Ethiopian Highlands

Drylands are areas where evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation during part of or the whole year They cover 40% of the Earth's surface and house about 2.1 billion people in nearly roo countries, including Ethiopia (UNEP-DDD, 2012). In terms of aridity, dry lands are defined as regions where the ratio between long-term annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration between 0.05 and 0.65. They include hyperarid, arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid zones For these zones, water availability and biomass production are restricted and mostly confined to a short rainy season. As a result, the carrying capacity of the ecosystems is rapidly exceeded by the human exploitation of natural resources, especially in poor countries with fast demographic expansion and deficient exploitation techniques Furthermore, the resilience of drylands is often reduced by the occurrence of recurring droughts and severe desertification, which threatens sustainable development in these fragile environments

Arid · Desertification · Dry season · Erosion · Evapotranspiration · Geography · Physical geography · Precipitation · Water resources · Wet season · Aeolian processes and effects · Environmental Science · Rangeland Management and Livestock Ecology · Soil erosion and sediment transport · Ecology · Geology

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