Immigrant self-employment in turbulent times
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 14869010 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Mats Hammarstedt (0000-0001-9433-1959, Research Institute of Industrial Economics, corresponding author), Per Skedinger (0000-0003-4945-1577, Research Institute of Industrial Economics) |
| Year | 2025 |
| Volume | 65 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 1023-1046 |
| Publication date | 2025-08-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Small Business Economics (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0921-898X • E-ISSN: 1573-0913 |
| Publisher | Springer Science and Business Media LLC (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11187-025-01032-3 |
| OpenAlex | W4408550173 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 1 |
| References cited | 39 |
We examine immigrant self-employment in Sweden during the turbulent decade 2011–2021. This is done for different cohorts of immigrants from Africa and Asia and for unincorporated and incorporated firms. Immigrants have lower business earnings and higher exit rates from self-employment than natives, which is in line with previous research. The period in which the immigrants arrived in Sweden and the type of business they are engaged in have important implications for outcomes. In most cases, outcomes are more favorable for those who came to Sweden up to the turn of the millennium, and less so for the latest arrivals. Even so, a closer look at outcomes by organizational form reveals that immigrants who arrived during 2011–2021 suffered less in terms of lower business earnings compared to earlier cohorts if they were in incorporated instead of unincorporated self-employment. Switching organizational form is not associated with catching up on business earnings for immigrant self-employed vis-à-vis Swedish-born
Demographic economics · Economic geography · Economics · Entrepreneurship · Immigration · Labour economics · Political science · Self-employment · Sociology · Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences · Migration and Labor Dynamics · Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy
The Absence of the African‐American Owned Business
Testing Hypotheses of Immigrant Self-Employment
Ethnic and Racial Self-Employment Differences and Possible Explanations
Pushed out or pulled in? Self-employment among ethnic minorities in England and Wales
The Self-Employment Experience of Immigrants
Why Are Black‐Owned Businesses Less Successful than White‐Owned Businesses? The Role of Families, Inheritances, and Business Human Capital
Ethnic enclaves and the earnings of self-employed Latinos
Intergenerational transmissions in immigrant self-employment
Push and pull factors and Hispanic self-employment in the USA
Immigrant-native differences in long-term self-employment
Economic effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on entrepreneurship and small businesses
Self-employment amongst migrant groups
The Making of Entrepreneurs in Germany
Covid-19
Determinants of business success
The impacts of Covid‐19 on racial inequality in business earnings
Ethnic Enclaves, Self-employment, and the Economic Performance of Refugees
Exits from Self-Employment
Do lenders discriminate against minority and woman entrepreneurs
Long-term neighbourhood effects on immigrant self-employment
Ethnic enclaves and self-employment among Middle Eastern immigrants in Sweden
Ethnic Enclaves, Networks and Self‐Employment among Middle Eastern Immigrants in Sweden
| Unique citing works | 1 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1 |
| Citation span | 2026 - 2026 (1) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 1 |