Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from inpatient and outpatient samples, Ecuador, 2018

Bibliographic Data

ID14965174
AuthorsCarolina Satán (National Reference Center for Antimicrobial Resistance, National Institute of Public Health Research, Dr Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez, Quito, Ecuador., corresponding author), Srinath Satyanarayana (0000-0002-5420-2551, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease), Kalpita Shringarpure (0000-0003-2203-9419, Medical College Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India), Alberto Mendoza‐Ticona (0000-0002-2571-2894, Partners In Health), Alberto Mendoza-Ticona (Partners in Health, Lima, Peru), Chinnakali Palanivel (Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India), Palanivel Chinnakali (0000-0001-8320-1016, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research), Katherine Jaramillo (0000-0002-1638-0031, National Reference Center for Antimicrobial Resistance, National Institute of Public Health Research, Dr Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez, Quito, Ecuador.), Fernando Villavicencio (National Reference Center for Antimicrobial Resistance, National Institute of Public Health Research, Dr Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez, Quito, Ecuador.), Hayk Davtyan (0000-0002-9836-4261, Tuberculosis Research and Prevention Center, Yerevan, Armenia), Germán Esparza (Pan American Health Organization, Bogotá, Colombia)
Year2023
Volume47
Pages1
Publication date2023-04-19
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueRevista Panamericana de Salud Pública (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1020-4989 • E-ISSN: 1680-5348
PublisherPan American Health Organization (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.26633/rpsp.2023.14
PMID37082535
OpenAlexW4365812818
LanguageEN
References cited20

Objective. To compare the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from inpatient and outpatient samples in Ecuador. Methods. A secondary analysis was done of data on bacteria isolated from inpatient and outpatient samples. Data were taken from the 2018 national antimicrobial resistance surveillance database of the National Reference Center for Antimicrobial Resistance. The variables included were: age, sex, inpatient versus outpatient setting, type of specimen, bacterial species identified, pattern of resistance to antibiotics, and geographic area. Results. Data from 57 305 bacterial isolates were included in the study: 48.8% were from hospitalized patients, 55.7% were from women, and 60.1% were from patients older than 45 years. Urine (42.9%) and blood (12.4%) were the most common clinical samples. Overall, 77.1% of bacterial isolates were gram-negative (83% and 71% in outpatients and inpatients, respectively). The most common gram-positive and gram-negative species were Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli , respectively. Antimicrobial resistance levels were high (up to 80% for some antimicrobial drugs), and were higher in hospitalized patients compared with outpatients. A variety of carbapenemases were found to confer resistance to carbapenems (antibiotics of last resort) in gram-negative bacteria. Conclusions. The study findings provide an important baseline on antimicrobial resistance in Ecuador. This will allow the strengthening of guidelines of the surveillance system, the creation of public policies for standardization of laboratory methodologies, the proper handling of information, and the development of empirical therapy guidelines based on local epidemiology

Antibiotic resistance · Antibiotics · Antimicrobial · Biology · Drug resistance · Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria · Antibiotic Use and Resistance · Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing · Medicine · Epidemiology · Internal Medicine · Microbiology

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