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Infodemics and infodemiology

A short history, a long future

Bibliographic Data

ID14965293
AuthorsChris Zielinski (0000-0001-6596-698X, University of Winchester, Winchester, United Kingdom, corresponding author)
Year2021
Volume45
Pages1
Publication date2021-05-12
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueRevista Panamericana de Salud Pública (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1020-4989 • E-ISSN: 1680-5348
PublisherPan American Health Organization (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.26633/rpsp.2021.40
PMID33995517
OpenAlexW3157771388
LanguageEN
Citations received17
References cited13

An “infodemic” is defined as “an overabundance of information – some accurate and some not – occurring during an epidemic”. This paper describes the characteristics of an infodemic, which combines an inordinately high volume of information (leading to problems relating to locating the information, storage capacity, ensuring quality, visibility and validity) and rapid output (making it hard to assess its value, manage the gatekeeping process, apply results, track its history, and leading to a waste of effort). This is bound up with the collateral growth of misinformation, disinformation and malinformation. Solutions to the problems posed by an infodemic will be sought in improved technology and changed social and regulatory frameworks. One solution could be a new trusted top-level domain for health information. The World Health Organization has so far made two unsuccessful attempts to create such a domain, but it is suggested this could be attempted again, in the light of the COVID-19 infodemic experience. The vital role of reliable information in public health should also be explicitly recognized in the Sustainable Development Goals, with explicit targets. All countries should develop knowledge preparedness plans for future emergencies

Business · Computer security · Disinformation · Gatekeeping · Knowledge management · Misinformation · Political science · Process (computing · Public relations · Risk analysis (engineering · Social media · Computer Science · COVID-19 Digital Contact Tracing · Data-Driven Disease Surveillance · Misinformation and Its Impacts

  • Mapping the scholarly literature on the infodemic using topic modelling

    Open Access•Gergely Ferenc Lendvai•Social Sciences & Humanities Open•2026

  • Informed Ignorance as a Form of Epistemic Injustice

    Open Access•Noa Cohen, Mirko Daniel Garasic•Philosophies•2024

  • Ethical principles for infodemiology and infoveillance studies concerning infodemic management on social media

    Open Access•Marta Lotto, Matheus Lotto et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2023

  • The role of social media in public health crises caused by infectious disease

    Open Access•Kirsty Terry, Fei Yang et al.•BMJ Global Health•2023

  • Comunicación en tiempos de pandemia

    Open Access•Gonzalo Casino•Gaceta Sanitaria•2022

  • Infodemics in Mexico

    Open Access•Julio César Aguila Sánchez, Pamela Pereyra-Zamora•Health Education Journal•2022

  • AD-AutoGPT

    Open Access•Haixing Dai, Yiwei Li et al.•PLOS Global Public Health•2025

  • Risk communication in an informal settlement during Covid-19

    Open Access•Abraham R Matamanda, Verna Nel et al.•Urban Governance•2022

  • Facing the Growing Covid-19 Infodemic

    Open Access•Mitja Vrdelja, Sanja Vrbovšek et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • Cultural Variance in Reception and Interpretation of Social Media Covid-19 Disinformation in French-Speaking Regions

    Open Access•Brian Hughes, Kesa White et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • Self-reported Mental Health Disorder, Alcohol use Pattern, and Anxiety Symptoms

    Open Access•Diego De Vargas, Luana C Dos Santos et al.•International Journal of Mental…•2023

  • Social media usage for health information among undergraduate students

    Open Access•Olawale Oni, Ogheneruona Esalomi et al.•BMC Public Health•2025

  • Trust and the infodemic

    Open Access•Harriet Dwyer, L Enria et al.•Critical Public Health•2025

  • Healthcare providers and patients

    Open Access•Claude Richard, Marie-Therese Lussier et al.•Medical Education Online•2023

  • Scientific publication speed and retractions of Covid-19 pandemic original articles

    Open Access•Luisa Schonhaut Berman, Luisa Schonhaut et al.•Revista Panamericana de Salud…•2022

  • A call for government-driven health promotion solutions surveillance in public health

    Open Access•Jenna Keeble•Canadian Journal of Public Health•2025

  • Science and sanity

    Open Access•L J Kirmayer•Transcultural Psychiatric…•2024

  • Infodemiology and Infoveillance

    Open Access•Gunther Eysenbach•Journal of Medical Internet…•2009

  • Infodemiology

    Open Access•Gunther Eysenbach•The American Journal of Medicine•2002

  • Facing up to the uncertainties of Covid-19

    Open Access•Nick Chater•Nature Human Behaviour•2020

Unique citing works17
Citations per year3,4
Citation span2021 - 2026 (6)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 17
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