Development and validation of the Critical Reflection Scale for youth in China
Factor structure and measurement invariance across age, gender, and sexual orientation
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 15028876 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Randolph C H Chan (0000-0002-4604-5154, Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2023 |
| Volume | 27 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 238-250 |
| Publication date | 2023-07-03 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Applied Developmental Science (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1088-8691 • E-ISSN: 1532-480X |
| Publisher | Informa UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1080/10888691.2022.2059481 |
| OpenAlex | W4224136164 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 53 |
Critical consciousness has received growing attention in developmental science, but most of the work has been conducted in Western liberal democracies. A critical examination is needed to determine whether critical consciousness can be appropriately measured in less democratic societies, where opportunity structures are different from those in Western liberal democracies. To establish the psychopolitical validity of a measure of critical reflection in less democratic societies, this study developed the Critical Reflection Scale (CRS) based on a sample of 3,015 youths in China. The results support a two-factor model of critical reflection, including (1) recognition of social inequity and (2) awareness of everyday oppression. The findings reveal varying levels of critical reflection across age, gender, and sexual orientation. Two items of the CRS function differently between young women and men. The CRS demonstrates good internal consistency and convergent validity, indicating that it is a psychometrically sound measure of critical reflection
Confirmatory factor analysis · Consciousness · Convergent validity · Critical consciousness · Developmental psychology · Internal consistency · Measurement invariance · Psychometrics · Scale (ratio · Structural equation modeling · Early Childhood Education and Development · Parental Involvement in Education · Psychology · Social Psychology · Youth Development and Social Support
Community Psychology
How to factor-analyze your data right
Critical Consciousness Development and Political Participation Among Marginalized Youth
Critical Consciousness
An NCME Instructional Module on
Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis
A Rationale and Test for the Number of Factors in Factor Analysis
Testing Structural Equation Models
Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Published Research
Conceptual origins, current problems, future direction
Critical Consciousness, Racial and Gender Discrimination, and HIV Disease Markers in African American Women with HIV
Understanding the Needs of Township Men Who have Sex with Men (MSM) Health Outreach Workers
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Promoting social justice for African-American boys and young men through research and intervention
Preparing to Participate
Mapping heteronormativity as state violence
Pathways to Political Activism among Americans who have Same-Sex Sexual Contact
The concept of critical reflection
The praxis of ethnic studies
Developing a critical consciousness
State Repression of Chinese Labor NGOs
Assessing Critical Consciousness in Youth and Young Adults
Resisting Gendered Smoking Pressures
Sociopolitical Development as an Antidote for Oppression—Theory and Action
Liberating and Empowering Effects of Critical Reflection on Collective Action in LGBT and Cisgender Heterosexual Individuals
Sociopolitical Development
Social action with youth
Pushing the envelope on youth civic engagement
Toward the Development of a Measure of Sociopolitical Consciousness
Advances in the Conceptualization and Measurement of Critical Consciousness
Heterosexuals' attitudes toward lesbians and gay men
Sociopolitical development, work salience, and vocational expectations among low socioeconomic status African American, Latin American, and Asian American youth
Scale Development Research
Repertoires of Protest and Repression in Contemporary China
Disguised Collective Action in China
The enduring backlash against racial justice in the United States
Critical consciousness
Mobilizing collective identity to reduce HIV risk among sex workers in Sonagachi, India
Pragmatic Resistance, Law, and Social Movements in Authoritarian States
Application and Testing the Reliability and Validity of a Modified Version of Herek's Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men Scale in China
Resistance as a form of resilience in sexual and gender minorities
Attitudes Toward Homosexuality in China
Blogging Alone
Solidarity Stalled
Development and Validation of the Critical Consciousness Scale
| Citation velocity | historical |
|---|---|
| Highly cited | No |