Development and validation of a short questionnaire to assess sodium intake

Bibliographic Data

ID15091039
AuthorsKaren E Charlton, Karen Charlton (0000-0002-8044-444X, South African Medical Research Council, corresponding author), Krisela Steyn (South African Medical Research Council), Norman Levitt (0000-0001-6480-8066, University of Cape Town), Naomi S Levitt, Deborah Jonathan (South African Medical Research Council), Jabulisiwe V Zulu (University of the Western Cape), Johanna H Nel (0000-0002-0263-0116, Stellenbosch University)
Year2008
Volume11
Issue1
Pages83-94
Publication date2008-01-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenuePublic Health Nutrition (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1368-9800 • E-ISSN: 1475-2727
PublisherCambridge University Press (CUP) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1017/s1368980007000146
PMID17582243
OpenAlexW2134506276
LanguageEN
Citations received8
References cited23

Objectives To develop and validate a short food-frequency questionnaire to assess habitual dietary salt intake in South Africans and to allow classification of individuals according to intakes above or below the maximum recommended intake of 6 g salt day −1 . Design Cross-sectional validation study in 324 conveniently sampled men and women. Methods Repeated 24-hour urinary Na values and 24-hour dietary recalls were obtained on three occasions. Food items consumed by >5% of the sample and which contributed ≥50 mg Na serving −1 were included in the questionnaire in 42 categories. A scoring system was devised, based on Na content of one index food per category and frequency of consumption. Results Positive correlations were found between Na content of 35 of the 42 food categories in the questionnaire and total Na intake, calculated from 24-hour recall data. Total Na content of the questionnaire was associated with Na estimations from 24-hour recall data ( r = 0.750; P n = 328) and urinary Na ( r = 0.152; P = 0.0105; n = 284). Urinary Na was higher for subjects in tertile 3 than tertile 1 of questionnaire Na content ( P −1 equated to a reference cut-off score of 48 and corresponded to mean (standard deviation) urinary Na values of 145 (68) and 176 (99) mmol day −1 , respectively ( P −1 was 12.4% and 93.9%, respectively. Conclusion A 42-item food-frequency questionnaire has been shown to have content-, construct- and criterion-related validity, as well as internal consistency, with regard to categorising individuals according to their habitual salt intake; however, the devised scoring system needs to show improved sensitivity

Environmental health · Medicine · Nutritional Studies and Diet · Psychology · Sodium Intake and Health

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