Development and testing of two tools to assess point-of-sale food and beverage marketing to children in restaurants
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 15097061 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Leia M Minaker (0000-0002-7751-2202, University of Waterloo, corresponding author), Patrycia Menko (University of Waterloo), David Olona (University of Waterloo) |
| Year | 2024 |
| Volume | 27 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | e128-e128 |
| Publication date | 2024-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Public Health Nutrition (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1368-9800 • E-ISSN: 1475-2727 |
| Publisher | Cambridge University Press (CUP) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1017/s1368980024000983 |
| PMID | 38705591 |
| OpenAlex | W4396672475 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 33 |
Objective: To describe the development and testing of two assessment tools designed to assess exterior (including drive-thru) and interior food and beverage marketing in restaurants with a focus on marketing to children and teens. Design: A scoping review on restaurant marketing to children was undertaken, followed by expert and government consultations to produce a draft assessment tool. The draft tool was mounted online and further refined into two separate tools: the Canadian Marketing Assessment Tool for Restaurants (CMAT-R) and the CMAT-Photo Coding Tool (CMAT-PCT). The tools were tested to assess inter-rater reliability using Cohen’s Kappa and per cent agreement for dichotomous variables, and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) for continuous or rank-order variables. Setting: Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Participants: Restaurants of all types were assessed using the CMAT-R ( n 57), and thirty randomly selected photos were coded using the CMAT-PCT. Results: The CMAT-R collected data on general promotions and restaurant features, drive-thru features, the children’s menu and the dollar/value menu. The CMAT-PCT collected data on advertisement features, features considered appealing to children and teens, and characters. The inter-rater reliability of the CMAT-R tool was strong (mean per cent agreement was 92·4 %, mean Cohen’s κ = 0·82 for all dichotomous variables and mean ICC = 0·961 for continuous/count variables). The mean per cent agreement for the CMAT-PCT across items was 97·3 %, and mean Cohen’s κ across items was 0·91, indicating very strong inter-rater reliability. Conclusions: The tools assess restaurant food and beverage marketing. Both showed high inter-rater reliability and can be adapted to better suit other contexts
Advertising · Business · Food marketing · Point (geometry · Point of sale · Chemistry · Computer Science · Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling · Mathematics · Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet · Food Science · Marketing
Changes in food purchases after the Chilean policies on food labelling, marketing, and sales in schools
Fast-Food and Full-Service Restaurant Consumption Among Children and Adolescents
Influence of unhealthy food and beverage marketing on children's dietary intake and preference
Nutrition Environment Measures Study in Restaurants (Nems-R)Development and Evaluation
Association of Food and Nonalcoholic Beverage Marketing With Children and Adolescents’ Eating Behaviors and Health
Governmental policies to reduce unhealthy food marketing to children
Determination and Quantification Of Content Validity
The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data
Breastfeeding, first-food systems and corporate power
Fast food consumption among young adolescents aged 12–15 years in 54 low- and middle-income countries
Quantifying Child-Appeal
Comparison of food industry policies and commitments on marketing to children and product (re)formulation in Australia, New Zealand and Fiji
Measures of the food environment
Intraclass correlations
| Citation velocity | historical |
|---|---|
| Highly cited | No |