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No test, no disease’

Multilevel barriers to HIV testing among young men who have sex with men and transgender women in three semi-urban areas in Thailand

Bibliographic Data

ID15099163
AuthorsKangwan Fongkaew (Burapha University), Jan Willem De Lind Van Wijngaarden (0000-0003-2611-8739), Suchon Tepjan (0000-0001-7452-6003, VOICES-Thailand Foundation), Nuttapon Chonwanarat (Independent Scholar/Consultant), Pakorn Akkakanjanasupar (0000-0003-0484-9012, VOICES-Thailand Foundation), P A Newman (0000-0003-0444-5915, VOICES-Thailand Foundation, corresponding author)
Year2022
Volume24
Issue9
Pages1199-1214
Publication date2022-09-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueCulture Health & Sexuality (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1369-1058 • E-ISSN: 1464-5351
PublisherInforma UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/13691058.2021.1938237
PMID34254893
OpenAlexW3179683435
LanguageEN
Citations received4
References cited28

Young gay and other men who have sex with men and young transgender women in Thailand continue to be at high risk for HIV infection. We explored multilevel influences on HIV testing in order to inform the design of tailored interventions. We conducted four focus group discussions with 16–20-year-old gay men and transgender persons (n = 25) and 17 key informant interviews with healthcare providers, NGO leaders, and youth advocates. Focus groups and interviews were transcribed and reviewed using thematic analysis in Thai and English language by a bilingual team. We identified intersecting, culturally situated barriers at individual (lack of HIV knowledge, low HIV risk perception, denial), social (intersectional sexual- and HIV-related stigma, lack of family communication), institutional (inadequate and non-LGBT-inclusive sexual health education in schools, lack of youth-friendly clinics) and policy levels (parental consent requirements for HIV testing by minors). Multilevel and multisystem factors coalesce to form extensive barriers to HIV testing access and utilisation and promote disengagement from HIV prevention more broadly. Multicomponent, youth-engaged interventions informed by Thai sociocultural history and practices are needed in renewed approaches to HIV prevention and testing to end the epidemic among young gay and transgender people in Thailand

Family medicine · Focus group · Men who have sex with men · Psychological intervention · Qualitative research · Sociology · Thematic analysis · Transgender · HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions · LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy · Medicine · Nursing · Psychology · Gerontology

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Unique citing works4
Citations per year1
Citation span2022 - 2025 (4)
Citation velocityrecent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 4
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