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Multimodality and skewness in emotion time series

Bibliographic Data

ID15408558
AuthorsJonas M B Haslbeck (0000-0001-9096-7837, Maastricht University, corresponding author), Jonas Haslbeck, Oisín Ryan (0000-0003-3698-6396, Utrecht University), Fabian Dablander (0000-0003-2650-6491, University of Amsterdam)
Year2023
Volume23
Issue8
Pages2117-2141
Publication date2023-05-11
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueEmotion (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1528-3542 • E-ISSN: 1931-1516
PublisherAmerican Psychological Association (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1037/emo0001218
PMID37166827
OpenAlexW4376132122
LanguageEN
Citations received7

The ability to measure emotional states in daily life using mobile devices has led to a surge of exciting new research on the temporal evolution of emotions. However, much of the potential of these data still remains untapped. In this paper, we reanalyze emotion measurements from seven openly available experience sampling methodology studies with a total of 835 individuals to systematically investigate the modality (unimodal, bimodal, and more than two modes) and skewness of within-person emotion measurements. We show that both multimodality and skewness are highly prevalent. In addition, we quantify the heterogeneity across items, individuals, and measurement designs. Our analysis reveals that multimodality is more likely in studies using an analog slider scale than in studies using a Likert scale; negatively valenced items are consistently more skewed than positive valenced items; and longer time series show a higher degree of modality in positive and a higher skew in negative items. We end by discussing the implications of our results for theorizing, measurement, and time series modeling. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Cognitive psychology · Econometrics · MEDLINE · Modality (human–computer interaction · Multimodality · PsycINFO · Scale (ratio · Skew · Skewness · Behavioral Health and Interventions · Computer Science · Digital Mental Health Interventions · Mathematics · Mental Health Research Topics · Psychology · Artificial Intelligence

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    Open Access•Madlen Hoffstadt, Lourens Waldorp et al.•British Journal of Mathematical…•2026

  • Remembering affect between moments

    Leonie Cloos, Wolf Vanpaemel et al.•Cognition & Emotion•2026

  • Skewness and Staging

    Open Access•MohammadHossein M Haqiqatkhah, Oisín Ryan et al.•Multivariate Behavioral Research•2024

  • Non-Stationarity in Time-Series Analysis

    Open Access•Oisín Ryan, Jonas M B Haslbeck et al.•Multivariate Behavioral Research•2025

  • Penalized Subgrouping of Heterogeneous Time Series

    Christopher M Crawford, Jonathan Park et al.•Multivariate Behavioral Research•2026

  • Exploring Within-Person Variability in Qualitative Negative and Positive Emotional Granularity by Means of Latent Markov Factor Analysis

    Open Access•Marcel C Schmitt, Leonie V D E Vogelsmeier et al.•Multivariate Behavioral Research•2024

  • Involvement as a Polarizing Factor?—A Comprehensive Multi‐Method Analysis across Representative Datasets

    Open Access•Madlen Hoffstadt, Iris Smal et al.•European Journal of Social…•2025

Citations per year3.5
Citation span2024 - 2026 (3)
Highly citedNo

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