Welfare State Regimes, Gender, and Depression

A Multilevel Analysis of Middle and High Income Countries

Bibliographic Data

ID15465826
AuthorsHaejoo Chung (0000-0002-2661-4161, Korea University), Edwin Ng (University of Toronto), Selahadin Ibrahim (University of Toronto), Bengt Karlsson (0000-0002-8435-6463, University of Gothenburg), Björn Karlsson (0009-0006-0393-3676, University of Gothenburg), Joan Benach (0000-0003-2285-742X, Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Albert Espelt (0000-0002-8625-4356, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública), Carles Muntaner (0000-0003-3535-467X, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, corresponding author)
Year2013
Volume10
Issue4
Pages1324-1341
Publication date2013-03-28
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1661-7827 • E-ISSN: 1660-4601
PublisherMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (PUBLISHER • CH)
DOI10.3390/ijerph10041324
PMID23538729
PMCIDPMC3709320
OpenAlexW2112313839
LanguageDE
Citations received10
References cited51

Using the 2002 World Health Survey, we examine the association between welfare state regimes, gender and mental health among 26 countries classified into seven distinct regimes: Conservative, Southeast Asian, Eastern European, Latin American, Liberal, Southern/Ex-dictatorship, and Social Democratic. A two-level hierarchical model found that the odds of experiencing a brief depressive episode in the last 12 months was significantly higher for Southern/Ex- dictatorship countries than for Southeast Asian (odds ratio (OR) = 0.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.05-0.27) and Eastern European (OR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.22-0.58) regimes after controlling for gender, age, education, marital status, and economic development. In adjusted interaction models, compared to Southern/Ex-dictatorship males (reference category), the odds ratios of depression were significantly lower among Southeast Asian males (OR = 0.16, 95% CI 0.08-0.34) and females (OR = 0.23, 95% CI 0.10-0.53) and Eastern European males (OR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.26-0.63) and significantly higher among females in Liberal (OR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.14-3.49) and Southern (OR = 2.42, 95% CI 1.86-3.15) regimes. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating middle-income countries into comparative welfare regime research and testing for interactions between welfare regimes and gender on mental health

Confidence interval · Democracy · Demographic economics · Depression (economics · Development economics · Dictatorship · Economics · Geography · Latin Americans · Marital status · Mental health · Odds ratio · Political science · Politics · Population · Psychiatry · Sociology · Welfare · Welfare state · Demography · Employment and Welfare Studies · Health disparities and outcomes · Internal Medicine · Medicine · Social Policy and Reform Studies

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