Treatment, Persistent Symptoms, and Depression in People Infected with Covid-19 in Bangladesh

Bibliographic Data

ID15470698
AuthorsMd Saiful Islam (0000-0002-5690-5971, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, corresponding author), Most Zannatul Ferdous (0000-0001-5810-3844, Jahangirnagar University), Ummay Soumayia Islam (0000-0002-1926-6744, Jahangirnagar University), Abu Syed Md Mosaddek (0000-0002-7682-9187, Uttara University, corresponding author), Marc N Potenza (0000-0002-6323-1354, Yale University), Shahina Pardhan (0000-0003-2377-8387, Anglia Ruskin University)
Year2021
Volume18
Issue4
Pages1453-1453
Publication date2021-02-05
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1661-7827 • E-ISSN: 1660-4601
PublisherMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (PUBLISHER • CH)
DOI10.3390/ijerph18041453
OpenAlexW3126240731
LanguageEN
Citations received25
References cited58

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected people’s lives globally. While important research has been conducted, much remains to be known. In Bangladesh, initial treatment (self-administered, hospitalized), persistent COVID-19 symptoms (“long COVID-19”), and whether COVID-19 leads to changes in mental state, such as depressive symptoms, of people are not known. This study aimed to examine treatment, persistent symptoms, and depression in people who had been infected with COVID-19 in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1002 individuals infected with COVID-19 (60% male; mean age = 34.7 ± 13.9; age range = 18–81 years), with data taken over a one-month period (11 September 2020 to 13 October 2020). A self-reported online questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographics, lifestyle, COVID-19 symptoms (during and beyond COVID-19), medication (over-the-counter or doctor-prescribed), and depression (assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)). Results: Twenty-four percent of participants self-medicated with over-the-counter medicine when they were first diagnosed with COVID-19. Self-medication was higher among female vs. male respondents (29.6% vs. 20.2%, respectively, p = 0.002). A minority (20%) reported that they experienced persistent COVID-like symptoms after recovering from COVID-19. The most reported persistent symptoms were diarrhea (12.7%) and fatigue (11.5%). Forty-eight percent of participants were categorized as having moderate to severe depression. Based on multivariate regression analysis, depression during COVID-19 was positively associated with lower family income, poor health status, sleep disturbance, lack of physical activity, hypertension, asthma/respiratory problems, fear of COVID-19 re-infection, and persistent COVID-19 symptoms. Conclusions: The findings suggest a need for appropriate interventions for COVID-19 patients to promote physical and mental wellbeing

2019-20 coronavirus outbreak · Betacoronavirus · Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 · Depression (economics · Disease · Outbreak · Pandemic · Psychiatry · Sars virus · Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 · Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes · COVID-19 and Mental Health · Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 · Medicine · Internal Medicine · Virology

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