Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Childhood Attachment to Pets

Associations between Pet Attachment, Attitudes to Animals, Compassion, and Humane Behaviour

Bibliographic Data

ID15470820
AuthorsRoxanne D Hawkins (0000-0002-6556-1971, University of Edinburgh, corresponding author), J M Williams (0000-0002-0324-0558, University of Edinburgh), Scottish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
Year2017
Volume14
Issue5
Pages490-490
Publication date2017-05-06
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1661-7827 • E-ISSN: 1660-4601
PublisherMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (PUBLISHER • CH)
DOI10.3390/ijerph14050490
PMID28481256
OpenAlexW2610700494
LanguageEN
Citations received49
References cited46

Attachment to pets has an important role in children's social, emotional, and cognitive development, mental health, well-being, and quality of life. This study examined associations between childhood attachment to pets and caring and friendship behaviour, compassion, and attitudes towards animals. This study also examined socio-demographic differences, particularly pet ownership and pet type. A self-report survey of over one thousand 7 to 12 year-olds in Scotland, UK, revealed that the majority of children are strongly attached to their pets, but attachment scores differ depending on pet type and child gender. Analysis revealed that attachment to pets is facilitated by compassion and caring and pet-directed friendship behaviours and that attachment to pets significantly predicts positive attitudes towards animals. The findings have implications for the promotion of prosocial and humane behaviour. Encouraging children to participate in pet care behaviour may promote attachment between children and their pet, which in turn may have a range of positive outcomes for both children (such as reduced aggression, better well-being, and quality of life) and pets (such as humane treatment). This study enhances our understanding of childhood pet attachment and has implications for humane education and promoting secure emotional attachments in childhood

Aggression · Animal welfare · Animal-assisted therapy · Attachment theory · Compassion · Developmental psychology · Early childhood · Empathy · Friendship · HUBzero · Mental health · Pet therapy · Promotion (chess · Prosocial behavior · Psychiatry · Clinical Psychology · Geographies of human-animal interactions · Human-Animal Interaction Studies · Psychology · Psychology of Social Influence · Social Psychology

  • Preditores da empatia dirigida a humanos e outros animais em portugueses e anglo-saxónicos

    Open Access•Ana Emauz, Augusta Gaspar et al.•Psicologia•2018

  • No pets allowed? Companion animals, older people and residential care

    Open Access•Marie Fox, Mo Ray•Medical Humanities•2019

  • “Can’t imagine having one without the other now”

    Open Access•Kathryn Cyr, Roxanne Hawkins et al.•Human-Animal Interactions•2025

  • Foster parents’ experiences with animal companions while fostering children and youth

    Open Access•Jeanette Wiens, Tammy Pearson et al.•Human-Animal Interactions•2024

  • The benefits and risks of child-dog attachment and child-dog behaviours for child psychological well-being

    Open Access•Roxanne D Hawkins, Charlotte Robinson et al.•Human-Animal Interactions•2023

  • The role of attachment in children’s relationships with pets

    Open Access•Laura M Wauthier, Steve Farnfield et al.•Human-Animal Interactions•2022

  • Canine companions and the human–animal bond as a bipartisan bridge for support of homelessness services

    Open Access•Emma Brown, Emma L Brown et al.•Human-Animal Interactions•2025

  • Listening to Sutra-Chanting Reduces Bereavement Stress in Japan

    Carl Becker, Yozo Taniyama et al.•Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy•2021

  • The effect of pet attachment on social support among young adult cat owners

    Open Access•Yaqi Chen, Weihua Liao et al.•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2025

  • The Prevalence and Potential Problem of Cuteness in Zoomorphic Robots

    Open Access•Isobel Voysey, Lynne Baillie et al.•ACM Transactions on Human-Robot…•2026

  • Effects of Picture Book Reading on Young Children’s Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Animals

    Open Access•Mayuko Kato-Shimizu, Y Liu et al.•International Journal of…•2025

  • Pawsitive Connections

    Open Access•Tanya Mitropoulos, Shelby McDonald et al.•Journal of Adolescence•2026

  • Co-Designing Educational Robotic Pet Concepts with Animal Welfare Educators and Children

    Open Access•Isobel Voysey, Lynne Baillie et al.•International Journal of Social…•2025

  • For the Love of Fluffy

    Benjamin D Garber•Journal of Divorce & Remarriage•2019

  • The Intertwined Well-Being of Children and Non-Human Animals

    Open Access•Anna Marie Campbell•Social Sciences•2022

  • Association between Early Life Child Development and Family Dog Ownership

    Open Access•Machiko Minatoya, Atsuko Araki et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • Longitudinal associations between pet relationship quality and socio‐emotional functioning in early adolescence

    Open Access•Megan K Mueller, Kristina S Callina et al.•Social Development•2023

  • Uplifting and Uncanny Conversations Around Death and Dying

    Open Access•Neha S Naik•SAGE Open•2024

  • Is School Adjustment Related to Environmental Empathy and Connectedness to Nature

    Open Access•Daniel Musitu-Ferrer, Gonzalo Musitu Ochoa et al.•Psychosocial Intervention•2019

  • Youth Experiences With a Therapy Dog

    Diane M Stutey, Kylie Rogalla et al.•Society and Animals•2024

  • Status of Instrument Development in the Field of Human-Animal Interactions & Bonds

    Open Access•Lauren Samet, Helen Vaterlaws-Whiteside et al.•Society and Animals•2023

  • Attitude Analysis of Child-Constructed Scenes Depicting Human Interactions with Unpopular Nonhuman Animals

    Ksenia S Zhbanova, Jeffrey L Leffler et al.•Society and Animals•2020

  • Meat Eating and Moral Responsibility

    Open Access•Carolyn Abbate•Utilitas•2020

  • Understanding and Conceptualizing Childhood Animal Harm

    Open Access•Laura M Wauthier, J M Williams•Anthrozoös•2021

  • Animal Cruelty among Children in Violent Households

    Open Access•Shelby E Mcdonald, Anna M Cody et al.•Journal of Family Violence•2018

  • Respiratory Status in Children and Exposure to Animal Allergens—The Problem of Reverse Causality in Cross-Sectional Studies

    Open Access•Agata Wypych-Ślusarska, Karolina Krupa-Kotara et al.•Children•2024

  • Cat and Dog Ownership in Early Life and Infant Development

    Open Access•Machiko Minatoya, Atsuko Araki et al.•International Journal of…•2019

  • Pet Attachment and Wellbeing of Older-Aged Recreational Horseback Riders

    Open Access•Gabriele Schwarzmueller-Erber, Manfred Maier et al.•International Journal of…•2020

  • Nature Relatedness of Recreational Horseback Riders and Its Association with Mood and Wellbeing

    Open Access•Gabriele Schwarzmüller-Erber, Harald Stummer et al.•International Journal of…•2020

  • Sibling and pet relationships

    Open Access•Mishika Mehrotra, Naomi Rosh White et al.•Applied Developmental Science•2025

  • Supporting living together

    Open Access•Yunus Kara•Children & Society•2023

  • The impact of pet attachment on life satisfaction

    Jehn-Yih Wong, Jehn‐Yih Wong et al.•Leisure Studies•2023

  • Reporting animal crime

    Keri B Burchfield, Keri Burchfield•Deviant Behavior•2022

  • She is Like a Sister to Me

    Ioannis Kokkinakis, Ioanna Bibou•Anthrozoös•2024

  • An Evaluation of a Canine Welfare Education Intervention for Primary School Children

    Open Access•Unaiza Iqbal, Joanne M Williams et al.•Anthrozoös•2024

  • Secure Attachment to Mother and Children's Psychological Adjustment

    Laura Badenes Ribera, Laura Ribera et al.•Anthrozoös•2023

  • The Moral Foundations of Care and Authority and the Perception of Animal Mind in Relation to Violence Against Animals

    Agnieszka Potocka•Anthrozoös•2022

  • From Pets to Pests

    Catarina Possidónio, Jared Piazza et al.•Anthrozoös•2021

  • Perception of Animal Mind in the Relationship Between Morality and Violence Against Animals

    Agnieszka Potocka, Maksymilian Bielecki•Anthrozoös•2023

  • Recreational Horseback Riding and Its Association with Physical, Mental, and Social Wellbeing and Perceived Health

    Gabriele Schwarzmüller-Erber, Manfred Maier et al.•Anthrozoös•2021

  • Pets and Prams

    Open Access•Kathryn Cyr, Roxanne D Hawkins•Anthrozoös•2024

  • Children's Comfort From Pets During the Covid-19 Pandemic

    Open Access•Unaiza Iqbal, Joanne M Williams et al.•Anthrozoös•2025

  • Rabbit Rescuers

    Open Access•J M Williams, Mayra Padilla Cardoso et al.•Anthrozoös•2022

  • The Relationship Between Living with Dogs and Social and Emotional Development in Childhood

    Jorge-Manuel Dueñas, Laia Gonzàlez et al.•Anthrozoös•2021

  • Internal and External Validation of the Empathy Toward Animals Scale

    Claudia Dias Martins, Rodrigo C Vergara et al.•Anthrozoös•2025

  • The story of my animal companion

    Valentina Rujoiu, Octavian Rujoiu•Journal of Human Behavior in the…•2024

  • Medical, Behavioral, and Abuse Status Characteristics

    Open Access•Camille A King, Camille King et al.•Anthrozoös•2021

  • Motivations for Pet Ownership Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults in China

    Open Access•Xiaoshan Yin, Paul Graham Morris et al.•Anthrozoös•2025

  • They Ease Your Mind

    Laura Sanchez•Anthrozoös•2025

  • The Impact of Pets on Human Health and Psychological Well-Being

    Open Access•Harold Herzog•Current Directions in Psychological…•2011

  • What's New, Pussycat? On Talking to Babies and Animals

    Open Access•Denis Burnham, Christine Kitamura et al.•Science•2002

  • Why do people love their pets?

    Open Access•Jeff Archer, John Archer•Evolution and Human Behavior•1997

  • Childhood Pet Keeping and Humane Attitudes in Young Adulthood

    Open Access•Elizabeth S Paul, James A Serpell•Animal Welfare•1993

  • Die angeborenen Formen möglicher Erfahrung

    Open Access•Konrad Lorenz•Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie•2010

  • Attachment Theory

    Inge Bretherton•Monographs of the Society for…•1985

  • Measuring attachment to companion animals

    Open Access•R Lee Zasloff•Applied Animal Behaviour Science•1996

  • The Human Relationship with Nature

    Peter H Kahn, Peter H Kahn Jr•The human relationship with nature•1999

  • Mind‐Mindedness as a Multidimensional Construct

    Open Access•Elizabeth Meins, Charles Fernyhough et al.•Infancy•2012

  • Differential Effects of Pet Presence and Pet-Bonding on Young Children

    Open Access•Robert H Poresky, Charles Hendrix•Psychological Reports•1990

  • The Short Attachment to Pets Scale (Saps) for Children and Young People

    Open Access•Ferran Marsa-Sambola, J C Muldoon et al.•Child Indicators Research•2015

  • Ethnic Variations in Pet Attachment among Students at an American School of Veterinary Medicine

    Sue-Ellen Brown•Society and Animals•2002

  • Pet Ownership and Adults' Views on the Use of Animals

    Peter G Hepper, Deborah L Wells•Society and Animals•1997

  • Modification of the Pet Attitude Scale

    Donald Templer, Hiroko Arikawa et al.•Society and Animals•2004

  • The Nature and Psychological Impact of Child/Adolescent Attachment to Dogs Compared with Other Companion Animals

    J C Muldoon, J M Williams et al.•Society and Animals•2019

  • My pet has passed”

    Oli Brown, Olivia Brown et al.•Death Studies•2015

  • Pets as safe havens and secure bases

    Open Access•Sigal Zilcha‐Mano, Sigal Zilcha-Mano et al.•Journal of Research in Personality•2012

  • An attachment perspective on human–pet relationships

    Open Access•Sigal Zilcha‐Mano, Sigal Zilcha-Mano et al.•Journal of Research in Personality•2011

  • Stressful life events and use of physician services among the elderly

    Judith M Siegel•Journal of Personality and Social…•1990

  • Dogs as catalysts for social interactions

    Open Access•June Mcnicholas, Glyn M Collis•British Journal of Psychology•2000

  • Researching health inequalities in adolescents

    Open Access•Candace Currie, Michal Molcho et al.•Social Science & Medicine•2008

  • Child Development and the Human-Companion Animal Bond

    Open Access•Gail F Melson•American Behavioral Scientist•2003

  • Mum cleaned it and I just played with it

    Open Access•J C Muldoon, J M Williams et al.•Childhood•2015

  • Pet dogs as attachment figures

    Open Access•Lawrence A Kurdek•Journal of Social and Personal…•2008

  • Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviors in Adolescents

    Kelly L Thompson, Eleonora Gullone•Anthrozoös•2008

  • Pet Ownership, Type of Pet and Socio-Emotional Development of School Children

    Vlasta Vizek Vidović, Vesna Vlahović Štetić et al.•Anthrozoös•1999

  • Parental Perceptions of their Children's Involvement with Household Pets

    Gail F Melson, Alan F Fogel•Anthrozoös•1996

  • Children'S Attitudes About the Humane Treatment of Animals and Empathy

    Frank R Ascione, Claudia V Weber•Anthrozoös•1996

  • Adjustment to the Death of a Companion Animal

    Marilyn K Gerwolls, Susan M Labott•Anthrozoös•1994

  • Psychological Health in a Population of Australian Cat Owners

    Cheryl M Straede, Richard G Gates•Anthrozoös•1993

  • Psychological Needs Filled by Avian Companions

    Catherine A Loughlin, Catherine Loughlin et al.•Anthrozoös•1993

  • Enhancing Children's Attitudes About the Humane Treatment of Animals

    Frank R Ascione•Anthrozoös•1992

  • Psychometric Evaluation of the Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale (Laps)

    Timothy P Johnson, Thomas F Garrity et al.•Anthrozoös•1992

  • Pet Ownership and Attachment as Supportive Factors in the Health of the Elderly

    Thomas F Garrity, Lorann Stallones et al.•Anthrozoös•1989

  • The Richness of the Child-Pet Relationship

    Brenda K Bryant•Anthrozoös•1990

  • Romantic Partners and Four-Legged Friends

    Lisa Beck, Elizabeth A Madresh•Anthrozoös•2008

  • An investigation of human-animal interactions and empathy as related to pet preference, ownership, attachment, and attitudes in children

    Beth Daly, L L Morton•Anthrozoös•2006

  • Empathy and attitudes to animals

    N Taylor, T D Signal et al.•Anthrozoös•2005

  • Attitudes towards animal use and belief in animal mind

    Sarah Knight, Aldert Vrij et al.•Anthrozoös•2004

  • Child-Companion Animal Attachment Bonds in Single and Two-Parent Families

    Wendie Bodsworth, Grahame J Coleman•Anthrozoös•2001

  • Pet Loss and Representations of Death, Attachment, Depression, and Euthanasia

    Ines Testoni, Loriana De Cataldo et al.•Anthrozoös•2017

  • Measuring Quality of Life in Owners of Companion Dogs

    Mark A Oyama, Lindsey Citron et al.•Anthrozoös•2017

  • Sociodemographics of Pet Ownership among Adolescents in Great Britain

    Ferran Marsa-Sambola, J M Williams et al.•Anthrozoös•2016

  • Children's Beliefs about Animal Minds (Child-BAM)

    Roxanne D Hawkins, Joanne M Williams•Anthrozoös•2016

  • Exploring Children's Perspectives on the Welfare Needs of Pet Animals

    Janine C Muldoon, Joanne M Williams et al.•Anthrozoös•2016

  • The Emotional Lives of Companion Animals

    Open Access•Pim Martens, Marie-José Enders-Slegers et al.•Anthrozoös•2016

Unique citing works49
Citations per year6,13
Citation span2018 - 2026 (9)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 48
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae