Cytokines and Adhesion Molecules Expression in the Brain in Human Cerebral Malaria

Bibliographic Data

ID15487484
AuthorsHenry B Armah (University of Ghana), Henry Armah (Department of Pathology, University of Ghana Medical School), Edwin K Wiredu (0000-0002-8328-0647, University of Ghana, corresponding author), Afia Dodoo (University of Ghana), Alfred Kofi Dodoo (Histology & Electron Microscopy Unit, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana College of Health Sciences, Accra, Ghana), Andrew A Adjei (0000-0001-5109-2919, University of Ghana), Yao Tettey (0000-0002-7004-8806, University of Ghana), Richard K Gyasi (University of Ghana), Richard Gyasi (Department of Pathology, University of Ghana Medical School)
Year2005
Volume2
Issue1
Pages123-131
Publication date2005-04-30
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1661-7827 • E-ISSN: 1660-4601
PublisherMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (PUBLISHER • CH)
DOI10.3390/ijerph2005010123
PMID16705810
OpenAlexW2123099988
LanguageEN
References cited32

Although the role of systemic proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, and their up-regulation of adhesion molecules, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-Selectin, in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria (CM) is well established, the role of local cytokine release remain unclear. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to compare the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-Selectin, IL-1beta, TNF-a and TGF-beta at light microscopic level in cerebral, cerebellar and brainstem postmortem cryostat sections from 10 CM, 5 severe malarial anemia (SMA), 1 purulent bacterial meningitis (PBM), 2 non-central nervous system infections (NCNSI) and 3 non-infections (NI) deaths in Ghanaian children. Fatal malaria and Salmonella sepsis showed significantly higher vascular expression of all 3 adhesion molecules, with highly significant co-localization with sequestration in the malaria cases. However, there was negligible difference between CM and SMA. TGF-beta showed intravascular and perivascular distribution in all cases, but expression was most intense in the PBM case and CM group. TNF-alpha and IL-1beta showed prominent brain parenchymal staining, in addition to intravascular and perivascular staining, in only the PBM case and CM group. The maximal expression of all 6 antigens studied was in the cerebellar sections of the malaria cases. Endothelial activation is a feature of fatal malaria and Salmonella sepsis, with adhesion molecule expression being highly correlated with sequestration. IL-1beta and TNF-alpha are upregulated in only cases with neurodegenerative lesions, whilst TGF-beta is present in all cases. Both cytokines and adhesion molecules were maximally upregulated in the cerebellar sections of the malaria cases

Biology · Cell adhesion molecule · Cerebral Malaria · Inflammation · Malaria · Pathology · Plasmodium falciparum · Proinflammatory cytokine · Tumor necrosis factor alpha · Complement system in diseases · Malaria Research and Control · Medicine · Venomous Animal Envenomation and Studies · Immunology

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