Racial and Gender Discrimination Predict Mental Health Outcomes among Healthcare Workers Beyond Pandemic-Related Stressors
Findings from a Cross-Sectional Survey
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 15508158 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Rachel Hennein (0000-0001-6855-0402, Yale University, corresponding author), Jessica Bonumwezi (Montclair State University), Jessica L Bonumwezi (0000-0002-9430-232X, Montclair State University), Max Jordan Nguemeni Tiako (0000-0002-5468-8926, Brigham and Women's Hospital), Petty Tineo (0000-0001-8888-7889, Montclair State University), Sarah R Lowe (0000-0001-9544-4234, Yale University) |
| Year | 2021 |
| Volume | 18 |
| Issue | 17 |
| Pages | 9235-9235 |
| Publication date | 2021-09-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1661-7827 • E-ISSN: 1660-4601 |
| Publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (PUBLISHER • CH) |
| DOI | 10.3390/ijerph18179235 |
| PMID | 34501818 |
| OpenAlex | W3197233307 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 7 |
| References cited | 42 |
Racial and gender discrimination are risk factors for adverse mental health outcomes in the general population; however, the effects of discrimination on the mental health of healthcare workers needs to be further explored, especially in relation to competing stressors. Thus, we administered a survey to healthcare workers to investigate the associations between perceived racial and gender discrimination and symptoms of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and burnout during a period of substantial stressors related to the COVID-19 pandemic and a national racial reckoning. We used multivariable linear regression models, which controlled for demographics and pandemic-related stressors. Of the 997 participants (Mean Age = 38.22 years, SD = 11.77), 688 (69.01%) were White, 148 (14.84%) Asian, 86 (8.63%) Black, 73 (7.32%) Latinx, and 21 (2.11%) identified as another race. In multivariable models, racial discrimination predicted symptoms of depression (B = 0.04; SE: 0.02; p = .009), anxiety (B = 0.05; SE: 0.02; p = .004), and posttraumatic stress (B = 0.01; SE: 0.01; p = .006) and gender discrimination predicted posttraumatic stress (B = 0.11; SE: 0.05; p = .013) and burnout (B = 0.24; SE: 0.07; p = .001). Discrimination had indirect effects on mental health outcomes via inadequate social support. Hospital-wide diversity and inclusion initiatives are warranted to mitigate the adverse mental health effects of discrimination
Anxiety · Burnout · Depression (economics · Environmental health · Health care · Mental health · Population · Psychiatry · Stressor · Clinical Psychology · COVID-19 and healthcare impacts · COVID-19 and Mental Health · Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout · Medicine · Psychology
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| Unique citing works | 7 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1.75 |
| Citation span | 2022 - 2026 (5) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 7 |