State-Level Prevalence and Associates of Opioid Dependence in the USA

Bibliographic Data

ID15513270
AuthorsJanni Leung (0000-0001-5816-2959, The University of Queensland, corresponding author), Gary Chan (0000-0002-7569-1948, The University of Queensland), Samuel Tan (0000-0002-2343-1378, The University of Queensland), Caitlin McClure‐Thomas (0000-0002-3605-0742, The University of Queensland), Louisa Degenhardt (0000-0002-8513-2218, University of Washington), Wendy Hall (0000-0003-1984-0096, The University of Queensland)
Year2022
Volume19
Issue7
Pages3825-3825
Publication date2022-03-23
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1661-7827 • E-ISSN: 1660-4601
PublisherMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (PUBLISHER • CH)
DOI10.3390/ijerph19073825
PMID35409508
OpenAlexW4221130115
LanguageEN
References cited6

Traditionally, opioid-related disease burden was primarily due to heroin use. However, increases in extra-medical (or non-medicinal use of prescription opioids; NMPOs) use has precipitated the current overdose epidemic in North America. We aim to examine the state-level prevalence of heroin and NMPO dependence and their associations with opioid-related mortality and state-level socio-demographic profiles. Data were pooled from the 2005-2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). We examine opioid-related mortality from CDC WONDER (Cause of Death database) by the past year prevalence of DSM-IV heroin and NMPO dependence, by age and sex, and their associations with state-level socio-demographic characteristics from census data. State-level rates of heroin dependence were associated with opioid-related death rates in young and mid-aged adults, while rates of NMPO dependence were associated with opioid-related death rates across all ages. The prevalence of heroin dependence was positively associated with state-level GDP/capita and urbanity. State-level NMPO dependence prevalence was associated with higher unemployment, lower GDP/capita, and a lower high-school completion rate. The prevalence of heroin and NMPO dependence are associated with a broad range of geographical and socio-demographic groups. Taking a wider view of populations affected by the opioid epidemic, inclusive interventions for all are needed to reduce opioid-related disease burden

Drug · Environmental health · Heroin · Mortality rate · Opioid · Opioid overdose · Per capita · Population · Psychiatry · Young adult · Demography · Medicine · Opioid Use Disorder Treatment · Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects · Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes · Gerontology · Internal Medicine

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