Patulin Contamination of Citrus Fruits from Punjab and Northern Pakistan and Estimation of Associated Dietary Intake
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 15513381 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Kinza Aslam (Government College University, Faisalabad), Shahzad Zafar Iqbal (0000-0002-5100-1404, Government College University, Faisalabad, corresponding author), Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis (0000-0001-9205-3764, Universiti Putra Malaysia, corresponding author), Sunusi Usman (0000-0003-4563-937X, Universiti Putra Malaysia), Nada Basheir Ali (0000-0002-6894-2155, Universiti Putra Malaysia) |
| Year | 2021 |
| Volume | 18 |
| Issue | 5 |
| Pages | 2270-2270 |
| Publication date | 2021-02-25 |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1661-7827 • E-ISSN: 1660-4601 |
| Publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (PUBLISHER • CH) |
| DOI | 10.3390/ijerph18052270 |
| PMID | 33668973 |
| OpenAlex | W3131206297 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 28 |
This research aims to assess the natural occurrence of patulin (PAT) in selected citrus fruits from central cities of Punjab and Pakistan's northern cities. A total of 2970 fruit samples from 12 citrus cultivars were examined using liquid chromatography fitted with a UV detector. The detection limit (LOD) and quantification limit were 0.04 and 0.12 μg/kg, respectively. About 56% of samples of citrus fruits from Punjab's central cities, Pakistan, were found to be contaminated with PAT, with values ranging from 0.12 to 1150 μg/kg in samples from central Punjab cities. Furthermore, 31.7% of samples of citrus fruits from northern cities of Pakistan were contaminated with PAT, with values ranging from 0.12 to 320 μg/kg. About 22.1% of citrus fruit samples had PAT levels greater than the suggested limits established by the European Union (EU). The dietary intake levels of PAT ranged from 0.10 to 1.11 μg/kg bw/day in the central cities of Punjab, Pakistan, and 0.13 to 1.93 μg/kg bw/day in the northern cities of Pakistan
Biology · Citrus fruit · Contamination · Geography · Mycotoxin · Patulin · Veterinary medicine · Medicine · Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food · Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases · Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology · Ecology · Food Science · Horticulture · Toxicology
| Highly cited | No |
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