Toxicological Comparison of Mancozeb and Zoxamide Fungicides at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations by an In Vitro Approach
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 15514241 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Gabriele Lori (0000-0002-7997-6983, Istituto Superiore di Sanità), Roberta Tassinari (0000-0002-4121-2144, Istituto Superiore di Sanità), Laura Narciso (0000-0002-0984-0466, Istituto Superiore di Sanità), Ion Udroiu (0000-0001-8218-1711, Marconi University), Antonella Sgura (Marconi University), Francesca Maranghi (0000-0003-1736-2262, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, corresponding author), Sabrina Tait (0000-0001-8029-8625, Istituto Superiore di Sanità) |
| Year | 2021 |
| Volume | 18 |
| Issue | 16 |
| Pages | 8591-8591 |
| Publication date | 2021-08-14 |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1661-7827 • E-ISSN: 1660-4601 |
| Publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (PUBLISHER • CH) |
| DOI | 10.3390/ijerph18168591 |
| PMID | 34444340 |
| OpenAlex | W3194597547 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 48 |
Mancozeb (MZ) and zoxamide (ZOX) are fungicides commonly used in pest control programs to protect vineyards. Their toxic and genotoxic potential were investigated in vitro on HepG2 and A549 cell lines at environmentally relevant concentrations. Cytotoxicity, apoptosis, necrosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), comet assay and a micronucleus test with CREST immunofluorescence were used. The expression of a panel of genes involved in apoptosis/necrosis ( BAX/BCL2 ), oxidative stress ( NRF2 ), drug metabolism ( CYP1A1 ) and DNA repair ( ERCC1/OGG1 ) was evaluated by real-time PCR. Both fungicides were cytotoxic at the highest tested concentrations (295.7 and 463.4 μM, respectively); MZ induced necrosis, ZOX did not increase apoptosis but modulated BAX and BCL2 expression, suggesting a different mechanism. Both compounds did not increase ROS, but the induction of CYP1A1 and NRF2 expression supported a pro-oxidant mechanism. The comet assay evidenced MZ genotoxicity, whereas no DNA damage due to ZOX treatment was observed. Positive micronuclei were increased in both cell lines treated with MZ and ZOX, supporting their aneugenic potential. ERCC1 and OGG1 were differently modulated, indicating the efficient activation of the nucleotide excision repair system by both fungicides and the inhibition of the base excision repair system by MZ. Overall, MZ confirmed its toxicity and new ZOX-relevant effects were highlighted
Apoptosis · Base excision repair · Biology · Botany · Comet Assay · DNA · DNA damage · DNA repair · ERCC1 · Fungicide · Genotoxicity · Mancozeb · Micronucleus test · Nucleotide excision repair · Oxidative stress · Reactive oxygen species · Toxicity · Chemistry · Insect Resistance and Genetics · Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies · Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity · Biochemistry · Molecular Biology
| Highly cited | No |
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