Probing the Hypersalience Hypothesis—An Adapted Judge-Advisor System Tested in Individuals With Psychotic-Like Experiences
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 15524430 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Jakob Scheunemann (0000-0003-2832-6355, Universität Hamburg, corresponding author), Rabea Fischer (0000-0003-3078-7134, Universität Hamburg), Steffen Möritz (0000-0002-0085-1804, Universität Hamburg) |
| Year | 2021 |
| Volume | 12 |
| Pages | 612810-612810 |
| Publication date | 2021-03-04 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Frontiers in Psychiatry (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1664-0640 • E-ISSN: 1664-0640 |
| Publisher | Frontiers Media (PUBLISHER • CH) |
| DOI | 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.612810 |
| PMID | 33746792 |
| OpenAlex | W3133864331 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 1 |
| References cited | 61 |
Individuals with psychotic-like experiences and psychosis gather and use information differently than controls; in particular they seek and rely on less information or over-weight currently available information. A new paradigm, the judge-advisor system, has previously been used to investigate these processes. Results showed that psychosis-prone individuals tend to seek less advice but at the same time use the available advice more. Some theoretical models, like the hypersalience of evidence-matching hypothesis, predict that psychosis-prone individuals weight recently available information to a greater extent and thus provide an explanation for increased advice-weighting scores in psychosis-prone individuals. To test this model, we adapted the previously used judge-advisor system by letting participants receive consecutively multiple pieces of advice. To meet this aim, we recruited a large MTurk community sample ( N = 1,396), which we split in a group with high levels of psychotic-like experiences (at least 2 SD above the mean, n = 80) and a group with low levels of psychotic-like experiences (maximum 0.5 SD above the mean, n = 1,107), using the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences' positive subscale. First, participants estimated five people's age based on photographs. Then, they received consecutive advice in the form of manipulated age estimates by allegedly previous participants, with outliers in some trials. After each advice, participants could adjust their estimate. This procedure allowed us to investigate how participants weighted each currently presented advice. In addition to being more confident in their final estimates and in line with our preregistered hypothesis, participants with more frequent psychotic-like experiences did weight currently available advice more than participants with less frequent psychotic-like experiences. This effect was especially pronounced in response to outliers, as fine-grained post-hoc analysis suggested. Result thus support models predicting an overcorrection in response to new incoming information and challenges an assumed general belief inflexibility in people with psychotic experiences
Advice (programming · Psychiatry · Psychosis · Sample (material · Test (biology · Clinical Psychology · Computer Science · Mental Health and Psychiatry · Mental Health Research Topics · Psychology · Schizophrenia research and treatment
Advice taking and decision-making
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale
The preregistration revolution
Why do humans reason? Arguments for an argumentative theory
A cognitive model of the positive symptoms of psychosis
Taking Advice
Jumping to conclusions in the less-delusion-prone? Further evidence from a more reliable beads task
An Analysis of Data Quality
Combining advice
Anxiety, advice, and the ability to discern
Instructional manipulation checks
| Unique citing works | 1 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 0,33 |
| Citation span | 2023 - 2023 (1) |
| Citation velocity | historical |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 1 |