Hidden” and Diverse Long-Term Impacts of Exposure to War and Violence
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 15528612 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Boris Drozdek (Parnassia Groep, corresponding author), Jan Rodenburg (Parnassia Groep), Agnes Moyene-Jansen (Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis) |
| Year | 2020 |
| Volume | 10 |
| Pages | 975-975 |
| Publication date | 2020-01-17 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Frontiers in Psychiatry (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1664-0640 • E-ISSN: 1664-0640 |
| Publisher | Frontiers Media (PUBLISHER • CH) |
| DOI | 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00975 |
| PMID | 32009997 |
| OpenAlex | W3000050444 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 6 |
| References cited | 45 |
Nowadays, the PTSD diagnosis is often a prerequisite for the survivor's access to specialized treatment services and for obtaining legal recognition or financial compensation when exposed to violence. However, some survivors do not meet all necessary criteria for the PTSD diagnosis, particularly not in the long term. Therefore, they run the risk of being misdiagnosed, inadequately helped or undertreated, and may remain legally unrecognized and unprotected. In this article the "hidden" long-term impacts of exposure to war and violence, beyond the PTSD diagnosis, are presented, discussed, and illustrated with case presentations. They include dissociative states, attachment problems, personality changes, guilt, shame, rage, identity issues, moral injury, substances abuse, damaged core beliefs, and bodily sensations linked to stress activation. These phenomena are not persistent, but fluctuate over the survivor's life trajectories. Moreover, the "hidden" impacts are framed within theoretical models for understanding long-term impacts of exposure to violence. The models help us grasp the dynamics of interactions between resilience, psychological damage, context and time. These interactions are non linear, and contingently result in development of psychopathological phenomena when reaching a threshold during a process of accumulating potentially traumatic experiences over a survivors' lifetime. Understanding psychological impacts of exposure to violence as a spectrum of interchangeable phenomena over a lifetime, and learning to recognize the "hidden" manifestations of psychological trauma will help to improve mental and legal assistance to the survivors both on a short and long term
Compensation (psychology · Context (archaeology · Psychological resilience · Psychological trauma · Psychopathology · Shame · Child Abuse and Trauma · Clinical Psychology · Migration, Health and Trauma · Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research · Psychology · Social Psychology
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| Unique citing works | 6 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1,2 |
| Citation span | 2021 - 2026 (6) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 5 |