Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Violations of the I nternational C ode of M arketing of B reast‐milk S ubstitutes in M exico

Bibliographic Data

ID15536713
AuthorsSonia Hernández‐Cordero (0000-0002-2209-0962, Ibero American University, corresponding author), Ana Lilia Lozada‐Tequeanes (0000-0002-7371-3525, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública), Teresa Shamah-Levy (0000-0002-1357-720X, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública), Teresa Shamah‐Levy (Centro de Investigación en Evaluación y Encuestas Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública Cuernavaca Mexico), Chessa K Lutter (0000-0003-1601-4645, RTI International), Teresita González de Cosío (Ibero American University), Pedro Jesus Saturno-Hernández (0000-0002-4991-5805, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública), Pedro Saturno‐Hernández (Centro de Investigación en Evaluación y Encuestas Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública Cuernavaca Mexico), Juan Rivera Dommarco (Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública), Laurence M Grummer‐strawn (0000-0003-1429-5260, World Health Organization)
Year2018
Volume15
Issue1
Pagese12682-e12682
Publication date2018-08-31
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueMaternal and Child Nutrition (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1740-8695 • E-ISSN: 1740-8709
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1111/mcn.12682
PMID30168899
OpenAlexW2889050354
LanguageEN
Citations received24
References cited21

This study estimated the prevalence of violations of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (BMS) and subsequent resolutions of the World Health Assembly (Code) at health facilities, points of sale (POS), and on BMS labelling and media in Mexico. We carried out a cross-sectional survey among 693 mothers with children aged less than 24 months and 48 health providers at public and private health facilities in two states of Mexico. Observational assessment at 20 POS and the health facilities was conducted as well as an analysis of labels on BMS products for sale. Women attending public and private health facilities reported receiving free BMS samples in the previous 6 months (11.1%), and about 80% reported seeing BMS promotion in the mass media. Health providers reported contact with BMS manufacturer representatives in the previous 6 months (15.5%), and only 41.6% of the health providers had knowledge of the Code. BMS promotions were identified at nearly all POS. Analysis of 190 BMS labels showed that 30% included pictures/text idealizing the use of BMS, and all labels incorporated health and nutrition claims. Violations of the Code are prevalent within the health services, POS, and labelling of BMS products. The high percentage of health providers with no knowledge of the Code calls for action at national level to better disseminate and comply with the Code. A transparent, free from commercial influence, and continual monitoring system for Code compliance is needed, including a follow-up component on sanctions for contraventions of the Code

Advertising · Business · Code (set theory · Observational study · Public health · Breastfeeding Practices and Influences · Global Maternal and Child Health · Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology · Medicine · Nursing · Internal Medicine

  • Assédio da indústria de alimentos infantis a profissionais de saúde em eventos científicos

    Open Access•Ana Carla da Cunha Ferreira Velasco, Maria Inês Côrtes De Oliveira et al.•Revista de Saúde Pública•2022

  • Implementation of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative in Mexico

    Open Access•Angela K Bueno, Mireya Vilar-Compte et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2023

  • Healthcare professionals and commercial milk formula recommendations in the urban Mexican context

    Open Access•Sonia Hernandez-Cordero, Sonia Hernández‐Cordero et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2023

  • Digital marketing of formula and baby food negatively influences breast feeding and complementary feeding

    Open Access•Mishel Unar‐Munguía, Andrea Santos‐Guzmán et al.•BMJ Global Health•2022

  • Digital marketing of commercial breastmilk substitutes and baby foods

    Open Access•Pedro Javier Mota-Castillo, Mishel Unar‐Munguía et al.•Globalization and Health•2023

  • Digital Marketing Claims and Their Association With the Perceptions of Parents of Children Under 2 Years Old of Commercial Milk Formulas in Mexico

    Open Access•Valeria Aureoles‐García, Mishel Unar‐Munguía et al.•Maternal and Child Nutrition•2025

  • Formative Research for the Development and Implementation of a Smartphone Application to Report Breaches to the International Code of Marketing of Breast‐Milk Substitutes in Mexico

    Open Access•Mishel Unar‐Munguía, Marena Ceballos-Rasgado et al.•Maternal and Child Nutrition•2025

  • Violations of International Code of Breast‐milk Substitutes (BMS) in commercial settings and media in Bangladesh

    Open Access•Sifat Parveen Sheikh, Mahsina Syeda Akter et al.•Maternal and Child Nutrition•2022

  • Commercial milk formula marketing following increased restrictions in Singapore

    Open Access•Chompoonut Topothai, Grace Ping Ping Tan et al.•Maternal and Child Nutrition•2023

  • Content analysis of media coverage of breastfeeding in Mexico

    Open Access•Isabel Ferré‐Eguiluz, Gabriela Buccini et al.•Maternal and Child Nutrition•2019

  • Breastfeeding practices in Mexico

    Open Access•Mishel Unar‐Munguía, Ana Lilia Lozada‐Tequeanes et al.•Maternal and Child Nutrition•2020

  • Countries' experiences scaling up national breastfeeding, protection, promotion and support programmes

    Open Access•Sonia Hernández‐Cordero, Rafael Pérez-Escamilla et al.•Maternal and Child Nutrition•2022

  • Follow‐up and growing‐up formula promotion among Mexican pregnant women and mothers of children under 18 months old

    Open Access•Mireya Vilar-Compte, Sonia Hernández‐Cordero et al.•Maternal and Child Nutrition•2022

  • Evidence of Violations of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes since the Adoption by the World Health Assembly in 1981

    Open Access•Genevieve Becker, Constance Ching et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • Violations of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes

    Open Access•Chessa K Lutter, Sonia Hernández‐Cordero et al.•BMC Public Health•2022

  • Commercial milk formula marketing entry points

    Open Access•Mireya Vilar-Compte, Sonia Hernández‐Cordero et al.•BMC Public Health•2024

  • The doctor said formula would help me

    Open Access•Jessica D Rothstein, Laura E Caulfield et al.•Social Science & Medicine•2020

  • Breastfeeding in the 21st century

    Open Access•Rafael Pérez-Escamilla•Social Science & Medicine•2020

  • Assessing Compliance

    Open Access•Betzabé Tello, Silva‐Jaramillo Katherine et al.•Maternal and Child Nutrition•2024

  • Violations of the I nternational C ode of M arketing of B reast‐milk S ubstitutes in M exico

    Open Access•Sonia Hernández‐Cordero, Ana Lilia Lozada‐Tequeanes et al.•Maternal and Child Nutrition•2018

  • The idealisation of bottle feeding

    Open Access•Florencia Alcaire, Lucía Antúnez et al.•Public Health Nutrition•2021

  • Regulation of baby food marketing in Thailand

    Open Access•Nisachol Cetthakrikul, Matthew Kelly et al.•Public Health Nutrition•2022

  • Mothers’ perceptions of marketing elements on infant formula packages

    Open Access•Leticia Vidal, Gastón Ares et al.•Appetite•2026

  • Avaliação do impacto de intervenção educativa em farmácias com promoção comercial de produtos que competem com o aleitamento materno

    Open Access•Gloria Priscila Nunes Rodrigues, Maria Inês Côrtes De Oliveira et al.•Cadernos de Saude Publica•2021

  • The Impact of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes on WHO-Recommended Breastfeeding Practices

    Open Access•Ellen G Piwoz, Ellen Piwoz et al.•Food and Nutrition Bulletin•2015

  • Why invest, and what it will take to improve breastfeeding practices?

    Open Access•Nigel Rollins, Nigel C Rollins et al.•The Lancet•2016

  • Breastfeeding in the 21st century

    Open Access•Cesar G Victora, Roy Bahl et al.•The Lancet•2016

  • Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries

    Open Access•Robert E Black, Cesar G Victora et al.•The Lancet•2013

  • Point‐of‐sale promotion of breastmilk substitutes and commercially produced complementary foods in Cambodia, Nepal, Senegal and Tanzania

    Open Access•Mary Champeny, Catherine Pereira‐Kotze et al.•Maternal and Child Nutrition•2016

  • Violations of the I nternational C ode of M arketing of B reast‐milk S ubstitutes in M exico

    Open Access•Sonia Hernández‐Cordero, Ana Lilia Lozada‐Tequeanes et al.•Maternal and Child Nutrition•2018

  • Promotion and consumption of commercially produced foods among children

    Open Access•Alison Feeley, Alison B Feeley et al.•Maternal and Child Nutrition•2016

  • Compliance Status of Product Labels to the International Code on Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes

    Open Access•Ahmet Ergin, Celile Hatipoğlu et al.•Maternal and Child Health Journal•2012

  • International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes

    A W Myres•Studies in Family Planning•1982

  • Marketing Breastfeeding—Reversing Corporate Influence on Infant Feeding Practices

    Open Access•Deborah L Kaplan, Kristina M Graff•Journal of Urban Health•2008

  • Is unimpeded marketing for breast milk substitutes responsible for the decline in breastfeeding in the Philippines? An exploratory survey and focus group analysis

    Open Access•Howard L Sobel, Howard Sobel et al.•Social Science & Medicine•2011

Unique citing works24
Citations per year3
Citation span2018 - 2026 (9)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 23
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae