Intensified Arctic warming under greenhouse warming by vegetation–atmosphere–sea ice interaction

Observations and modeling studies indicate that enhanced vegetation activities over highlatitudes under an elevated CO2 concentration accelerate surface warming by reducing thesurface albedo. In this study, we suggest that vegetation-atmosphere-sea ice interactions overhigh latitudes can induce an additional amplification of Arctic warming. Our hypothesis is testedby a series of coupled vegetation-climate model simulations under 2xCO2 environments. Theincreased vegetation activities over high latitudes under a 2xCO2 condition induce additionalsurface warming and turbulent heat fluxes to the atmosphere, which are transported to the Arcticthrough the atmosphere. This causes additional sea-ice melting and upper-ocean warming duringthe warm season. As a consequence, the Arctic and high-latitude warming is greatly amplified inthe following winter and spring, which further promotes vegetation activities the following year.We conclude that the vegetation-atmosphere-sea ice interaction gives rise to additional positivefeedback of the Arctic amplification

Albedo (alchemy · Arctic · Arctic geoengineering · Arctic ice pack · Arctic sea ice decline · Atmosphere (unit · Atmospheric sciences · Climate change · Climatology · Drift ice · Geography · Global warming · Ice-albedo feedback · Latitude · Meteorology · Sea ice · Vegetation (pathology · Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics · Climate change and permafrost · Climate variability and models · Environmental Science · Geology · Oceanography

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