A health impact assessment of long-term exposure to particulate air pollution in Thailand
Bibliographic Data
Particulate air pollution causes a spectrum of adverse health effects affecting the respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, and metabolic systems that are hypothesised to be driven by inflammation and oxidative stress. Millions of premature deaths each year are attributed to exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM). We quantified health and economic impacts from long-term exposure to ambient PM 2.5 in the population of Thailand for 2016. We collected data on ambient PM 2.5 concentrations from automatic monitoring stations across Thailand over 1996–2016. We used historic exposure to PM 2.5 to estimate the mortality in each province from lower respiratory infections (LRIs), stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and ischaemic heart disease, and also assessed diabetes mortality, as well as incident cases of dementia and Parkinson’s disease, in supplementary analyses. We applied risk estimates from the Global Exposure Mortality Model to calculate attributable mortality and quantify disability-adjusted life years (DALYs); we based economic costs on the value of a statistical life (VSL). We calculated 50 019 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 42 189–57 849) deaths and 508 918 (95% CI: 438 345–579 492) DALYs in 2016 attributed to long-term PM 2.5 exposure in Thailand. Population attributable fractions ranged from 20% (95% CI: 10% to 29%) for stroke to 48% (95% CI: 27% to 63%) for LRIs. Based on the VSL, we calculated a cost of US$ 60.9 billion (95% CI: US$ 51.3–70.4 billion), which represents nearly 15% of Thailand’s gross domestic product in 2016. While progress has been made to reduce exposure to ambient PM 2.5 in Thailand, continued reductions based on stricter regulatory limits for PM 2.5 and other air pollutants would help prolong life, and delay, or prevent, onset of cardiorespiratory and other diseases
Confidence interval · Environmental health · Particulates · Population · Stroke (engine · Air Quality and Health Impacts · Climate Change and Health Impacts · Global Health Care Issues · Medicine · Internal Medicine
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| Citations per year | 1.5 |
|---|---|
| Citation span | 2022 - 2026 (5) |
| Highly cited | No |